Many nations have shown mounting interest in a simple idea for the regulation of risk: In case of doubt, follow the precautionary principle (O'Riordan T, Cameron J eds. Interpreting the precautionary principle, 2002). Avoid steps that will create a risk of harm. Until safety is established, be cautious; do not require unambiguous evidence. In a catchphrase: Better safe than sorry.
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18 Final Declaration of the First European ‘Seas At Risk’ Conference, Annex 1, Copenhagen, 1994.
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23 American Trucking Association versus EPA, F.3d (DC Cir 2002).
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24 American Trucking Association versus EPA, 173 F.3d 1027, 1052 (DC Cir 1999).
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27 Keeney, supra note.
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41 Kaiser J . Sipping from a poisoned chalice . Science2003; 302: 379-379 , supra note.
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43 Paperiello CJ . Risk assessment and risk management implications of hormesis . Appl Toxicol2000; 20: 147-147 .
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44 Ind. Union Dept., AFL-CIO versus Amer. Pet. Inst. (‘Benzene’), 448 US 607, 656 (1980).
46 FR 49548, ‘National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule; National Primary and Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Approval of Analytical Methods for Chemical Contaminants,’ Part II. August 18, 2003; proposed rule.
58 Safe Drinking Water Act, 42 USC § 300g 1(b)(3)(A)(2003). See also Occupational Safety and Health Act, 29 USC § 655(b)(5) (Administrator must set standards ‘on the basis of the best available evidence’).
59.
59 Waukesha, 320 F.3d at 228.
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60 Chlorine Chemistry Council versus EPA, 206 F.3d 1286 (D.C. Cir. 2000).
68 Benzene, 448 US at 631–632 (1980). See also American Textile Mfrs. Inst. versus Donovan, 452 US 490 (1981).
69.
69 See, e.g., 42 USC § 7545(c)(2)(B).
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70 See Corrosion Proof Fittings versus EPA, 947 F.2d 1201 (5th Cir. 1991) (holding that TSCA requires aggressive cost–benefit balancing).
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