Hormesis: a quest for virtuality?

1 Brack C , Lithgow GJ , Osiewacz H , Toussaint O . Molecular and cellular gerontology . EMBO J 2000; 19: 1929-1934 .

2 Chen Q , Fischer A , Reagan JD , Yan Li , Ames BN . Oxidative DNA damage and senescence of human diploid fibroblast cells . Proc Nati Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 4337-4341 .

3 Dumont P , Balbeur L , Remacle J , Toussaint O . Appear- ance of biomarkers of in vitro ageing after successive stimulations of WI-38 fibroblasts with IL-la and TNF- a: senescence associated /3-galactosidase activity and morphotype transition . JAnat 2000; 197: 529-537 .

4 Emlen JM , Freeman DC , Mills A , Graham JH . How organisms do the right thing: the attractor hypothesis . Chaos 1998; 8: 717-725 .

5 Khazaeli AA , Tatar M , Pletcher SD , Curtsinger JW . Heat-induced longevity extension in Drosophila. I. Heat treatment, mortality, and thermotolerance . J Gerontol Ser A 1997; 52: B48-B52 .

6 Krebs RA , Feder ME . Deleterious consequences of Hsp7O overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster lar- vae . Cell Stress Chaperones 1997; 2: 60-71 .

7 Lee C-K , Klopp RG , Weindruch R , Prolla AP . Gene expression profile of aging and its retardation by caloric restriction . Science 1999; 285: 1390-1393 .

8 Lithgow GJ , White TM , Melov S , Johnson TE . Thermo- tolerance and extended life-span conferred by single- gene mutations and induced by thermal stress . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 7540-7544 .

9 Melov S , Ravenscroft J , Malik S , Gill MS , Walker DW , Clayton PE , Wallace DC , Malfroy B , Doctrow SR , Lithgow GJ . Extension of life-span with superoxide dismutase/ catalase mimetics . Science 2000; 289: 1567-1569 .

10 Mendez MV , Stanley A , Park HY , Shon K , Phillips T , Menzoian JO . Fibroblasts cultured from venous ulcers display cellular characteristics of senescence. J Vasc Surg 1998; 876-883.

11 Merry BJ . Calorie restriction and age-related oxidative stress . Ann NYAcad Sci 2000; 908: 180-198 .

12 Migliaccio E , Giorgio M , Mele S , Pelicci G , Reboldi P , Pandolfi PP , Lanfrancone L , Pelicci PG . The p66shc adaptor protein controls oxidative stress response and life span in mammals . Nature 1999; 402: 309-313 .

13 Minois N , Guinaudy MJ , Payre F , Le Bourg E . HSP70 induction may explain the long-lasting resistance to heat of Drosophila melanogaster having lived in hyper- gravity . Mech Ageing Dev 1999; 109: 65-77 .

14 Orr WC , Sohal RS . Extension of life-span by over- expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanogaster . Science 1994; 263: 1128-1130 .

15 Rattan SI . Repeated mild heat shock delays ageing in cultured human skin fibroblasts . Biochem Mol Biol Int 1998; 45: 753-759 .

16 Sun J , Tower J . FLP recombinase-mediated induction of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase transgene expression can extend the life span of adult Drosophila melanogaster flies . Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19: 216-228 .

17 Toussaint O , Dumont P , Dierick J-F , Pascal T , Frippiat C , Chainiaux F , Eliaers F , Remacle J . Stress-induced premature senescence. Essence of life, evolution, stress and aging . Ann NYAcad Sci 2000a; 908: 85-98 .

18 Toussaint O , Dumont P , Dierick J-F , Pascal T , Frippiat C , Chainiaux F , Magalhaes J-P , Eliaers F , Remacle J . Stress - induced premature senescence as alternative toxicological method for testing the long-term effects of molecules under development in the industry . Biogerontology 2000b; 2: 177-181 .

19 Toussaint O , Dumont P , Remacle J . Effect of successive stimulations with TNF-a and IL-1 on the in vitro ageing of WI-38 fibroblasts . Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24: 535-535 .

20 Toussaint O , Medrano EE , von Zglinicki T . Stress- induced premature senescence (SIPS) of human diploid fibroblasts and melanocytes . Exp Gerontol 2000; 35: 927-945 .

21 Toussaint O , Michiels C , Raes M , Remacle J . Cellular aging and the importance of energetic factors . Exp Gerontol 1995; 30: 1-22 .

22 Toussaint O , Raes M , Michiels C , Remacle J . Cellular response to stress: relationship with ageing and pathol- ogy . Medecine/Sciences 1998; 14: 622-635 .

23 Toussaint O , Raes M , Remacle J . Aging as a multi-step process characterized by a lowering of entropy produc- tion leading the cell to a sequence of defined stage . Mech Ageing Dev 1991; 64: 45-64 .

24 Toussaint O , Remacle J . Stress and energy metabolism in age-related processes. In: Rattan SIS , & Toussaint O (Eds), Molecular Gerontology, Research Status and Strategies. Plenum, New York , 1996, pp. 87-109.

25 Toussaint O , Remacle J , Clark BFC , Gonos ES , France- schi C , Kirkwood TBL . Molecular, cellular and tissue gerontology . BioEssays 2000; 22: 954-956 .

26 Toussaint O , Remacle J , Dierick J-F , Pascal T , Frippiat C , Royer V , Chainiaux F . Involvements of far-from equilibrium thermodynamics and stress in ageing . J Theor Biol. In press.