Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

A 47-year-old Japanese woman undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) was admitted to our hospital because of poisoning with the herbicide bialaphos. Respiratory arrest and loss of consciousness ensued rapidly, accompanied by convulsions and nystagmus. Treatment with HD and direct hemoperfusion, followed by HD alone, effectively removed bialaphos and its chief toxic metabolite (L-AMPB) from the circulation (bialaphos decreased from 0.33 to <0.05 g/ml andL-AMPBfrom14to0.86 g/ml). The glutamate concentration improved gradually after the removal of bialaphos and L-AMPB from plasma (plasma glutamate concentration: 250.4 nmol/l on day 5 to 120.6 nmol/l on day 26). Decreased glutamine concentration in cerebrospinal fluidwasdemonstratedforthefirsttimeaswellasinplasma, indicating glutaminesynthetase inhibition notonlyinplants but also in humans by bialaphos poisoning.

Keywords

bialaphos poisoning direct hemoperfusion glutamate glutamine hemodialysis herbicide

References

Mase S . Meiji Herbiace . Jpn Pestic Inf 1984; 15: 27–30 .

Tachibana K , et al. Development of a new herbicide, bialaphos . J Pestic Sci 1986; 11: 297–304 (in Japanese, English abstract).

Thompson CJ , et al. Bialaphos . Biotechnology 1995; 28: 197–222 .

Stanley TW , et al. Streptomyces. In: Stanley TW (Ed), Systemic Bacteriology. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore , 1989, pp. 2452–2492.

Duke SO . Overview of herbicide mechanisms of action . Environ Health Perspect 1990; 87: 263–271 .

Duke SO . Microbial phytotoxins as herbicides — a perspective. In: Putnam AR , Tang CS (Eds), The Science of Allelopathy. Wiley, New York , 1986, pp. 287–304.

Hirose Y , et al. A toxicokinetic analysis in a patient with acute glufosinate poisoning . Hum Exp Toxicol 1999; 18: 305–308 .

Koyama K , et al. Delayed and severe toxicities of a herbicide containing glufosinate and a surfactant . Vet Hum Toxicol 1994; 36: 17–18 .

Hirose Y , et al. Glufosinate poisoning . J Jpn Assoc Acute Med 1992; 3: 88–91 (in Japanese, English abstract).

10.

Hirose Y , et al. A clinical study of acute BASTA herbicide intoxicated patients: correlations of the blood and urine glufosinate concentration and the development of clinical symptoms . Jpn J Toxicol 1996; 9: 301–308 (in Japanese, English abstract).

11.

Koyama Y , et al. Glufosinate poisoning . Jpn J Toxicol 1995; 8: 391–398 (in Japanese).

12.

Watanabe T , et al. Neurological effects of glufosinate poisoning with a brief review . Hum Exp Toxicol 1998; 17: 35–39 .

13.

Koyama K , et al. Effects of L-glufosinate and its metabolite on the behavior in rats . J Jpn Assoc Acute Med 1996; 7: 731–732 (in Japanese).

14.

Wada S , et al. A case of acute intoxication of bialaphos . Acute Med 1988; 12: 245–247 (in Japanese).

15.

Matsukawa Y , et al. Bialaphos poisoning with apnea and metabolic acidosis . Clin Toxicol 1991; 29: 141–146 .

16.

Fujita S , et al. A case of Bialaphos poisoning showed an increase in glutamic acid with a decrease in glutamine in serum . Jpn J Toxicol 1997; 10: 399–403 (in Japanese, English abstract).

17.

Tanaka J , et al. A comparative study of direct hemo-perfusion and hemodialysis for the removal of glufosinate ammonium . Clin Toxicol 1995; 33: 691–694 .

18.

Takeda A , et al. Bialaphos. In: New Analytical Methods for Pesticides in Crops. Chuohoki Publication, Tokyo , 1995, pp. 80–82 (in Japanese).

19.

Fujiwara M , et al. Postcolumn fluorometric detection system for liquid chromatographic analysis of amino and imino acids using o-phthalaldehyde/ N-acetyl-L-cysteine reagent . Anal Bicohem 1987; 166: 72–78 .

20.

Pye IF , et al. Studies of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma amino acids in patients with steady-state chronic renal failure . Clin Chim Acta 1979; 92: 65–72 .

21.

Ebert E , et al. Summary of safety evaluation toxicity studies of glufosinate ammonium . Food Chem Toxicol 1990; 28: 339–349 .

22.

Collingridge GL , et al. Excitatory amino acid receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system . Pharm Rev 1989; 40: 143–210 .

23.

Monaghan DT , et al. The excitatory amino acid receptors: their classes, pharmacology, and distinct properties in the function of the central nervous system . Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1989; 29: 365–402 .

24.

Awatramani GB , et al. Intensity-dependent, rapid activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors at a central synapse . J Neurosci 2001; 21: 741–749 .

25.

Kanai Y , et al. Family of neutral and acidic amino acid transporters: molecular biology, physiology and medical implications . Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997; 9: 565–572 .

26.

Overstreet LS , et al. Glutamate transporters contribute to the time course of synaptic transmission in cerebellar granule cells . J Neurosci 1999; 19: 9663–9673 .

27.

Takamori S , et al. Identification of a vesicular glutamate transporter that defines a glutamatergic phenotype in neurons . Nature 2000; 407: 189–193 .

28.

Olney JW . Neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids. In: McGeer , et al (Eds), Kainic Acid as a Tool in Neurobiology. Raven Press, New York , 1978, pp. 95–121.

29.

Choi DW . Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system . Neuron 1988; 1: 623–634 .

Decreased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentrations in a patient with bialaphos poisoning

Abstract

Keywords

References