Micro- and mesoclimatology

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Alberghi, S. , Maurizi, A. and Tampieri, F. 2002: Relationship between the vertical velocity skewness and kurtosis observed during sea-breeze convection. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 885-889.

Al-Jiboori, M. H. , Xu, Y. and Qian, Y. 2002: Local similarity relationships in the urban boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 63-82.

Alvalá, R. C. S. , Gielow, R. , da Rocha, H. R. , Freitas, H. C. , Lopes, J. M. , Manzi, A. O. , von Randow, C. , Dias, M. A. F. S. , Cabral, O. M. R. and Waterloo, M. J. 2002: Intradiurnal and seasonal variability of soil temperature, heat flux, soil moisture content, and thermal properties under forest and pasture in Rondìnia. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000599.

Andreae, M. O. , Artaxo, P. , Brandão, C. , Carswell, F. E. , Ciccioli, P. , da Costa, A. L. , Culf, A. D. , Esteves, J. L. , Gash, J. H. C. , Grace, J. , Kabat, P. , Lelieveld, J. , Malhi, Y. , Manzi, A. O. , Meixner, F. X. , Nobre, A. D. , d. L. P. Ruivo, M. , Silva-Dias, M. A. , Stefani, P. , Valentini, R. , von Jouanne, J. and Waterloo, M. J. 2002: Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, water, energy, trace gases, and aerosols in Amazonia: the LBAEUSTACH experiments. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000524.

Araújo, A. C. , Nobre, A. D. , Kruijt, B. , Elbers, J. A. , Dallarosa, R. , Stefani, P. , von Randow, C. , Manzi, A. O. , Culf, A. D. , Gash, J. H. C. , Valentini, R. and Kabat, P. 2002: Comparative measurements of carbon dioxide fluxes from two nearby towers in a central Amazonian rain forest: the Manaus LBA site. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000676.

Arnfield, A. J. 2001. Micro- and mesoclimatology. Progress in Physical Geography 25, 560-569.

Arnfield, A. J. 2003. Micro- and mesoclimatology. Progress in Physical Geography 27, 435-447.

Aurela, M. , Laurila, T. and Tuovinen, J.-P. 2002: Annual CO2 balance of a subarctic fen in northern Europe: importance of the wintertime effect. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2002JD002055.

Avissar, R. and Nobre, C. A. 2002: Preface to special issue on the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2002JD002507.

10.

Avissar, R. , Silva Dias, P. L. , Silva Dias, M. A. F. and Nobre, C. 2002: The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA): insights and future research needs. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2002JD002704.

11.

Baik, J.-J. and Kim, J.-J. 2002: On the escape of pollutants from urban street canyons. Atmospheric Environment 36, 527-536.

12.

Barlow, J. E. and Belcher, S. E. 2002: A wind tunnel model for quantifying fluxes in the urban boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 131-150.

13.

Beaney, G. and Gough, W. A. 2002: The influence of tropospheric ozone on the air temperature of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2319-2325.

14.

Betts, A. K. and Jakob, C. 2002: Evaluation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, surface thermodynamics, and surface fluxes in the ECMWF model using LBA data. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000427.

15.

Betts, A. K. , Fuentes, J. D. , Garstang, M. and Ball, J. H. 2002: Surface diurnal cycle and boundary layer structure over Rondônia during the rainy season. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000356.

16.

Bolzan, M. J. A. , Ramos, F. M. , Sá, L. D. A. , Neto, C. R. and Rosa, R. R. 2002: Analysis of fine-scale canopy turbulence within and above an Amazon forest using Tsallis’ generalized thermostatistics. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000378.

17.

Bradley, A. V. , Thornes, J. E. , Chapman, L. , Unwin, D. and Roy, M. 2002: Modelling spatial and temporal road thermal climatology in rural and urban areas using a GIS. Climate Research 22, 41-55.

18.

Brümmer, B. and Thiemann, S. 2002: The atmospheric boundary layer in an Arctic wintertime on-ice flow. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 53-72.

19.

Carroll, J. J. and Dixon, A. J. 2002: Regional scale transport over complex terrain, a case study: tracing the Sacramento plume in the Sierra Nevada of California. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3745-3758.

20.

Carswell, F. E. , Costa, A. L. , Palheta, M. , Malhi, Y. , Meir, P. , de P. R. Costa, J. , de L. Ruivo, M. , do S. M. Leal, L. , Costa, J. M. N. , Clement, R. J. and Grace, J. 2002: Seasonality in CO2 and H2O flux at an eastern Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2000JD000284.

21.

Cereceda, P. , Osses, P. , Larrain, H. , Farías, M. , Lagos, M. , Pinto, R. and Schemenauer, R. S. 2002: Advective, orographic and radiation fog in the Tarapacá region, Chile. Atmospheric Research 64, 261-271.

22.

Chan, T. L. , Dong, G. , Leung, C. W. , Cheung, C. S. and Hung, W. T. 2002: Validation of a two-dimensional pollutant dispersion model in an isolated street canyon. Atmospheric Environment 36, 861-872.

23.

Chapman, L. , Thornes, J. E. and Bradley, A. V. 2002: Sky-view factor approximation using GPS receivers. International Journal of Climatology 22, 615-621.

24.

Cheng, H. and Castro, I. P. 2002: Near wall flow over urban-like roughness. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 229-259.

25.

Cheng, W.-L. 2002: Ozone distribution in coastal central Taiwan under sea-breeze conditions. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3445-3459.

26.

Chou, W. , Wofsky, S. C. , Harriss, R. C. , Lin, J. C. , Gerbig, C. and Sachse, G. W. 2002: Net fluxes of CO2 in Amazonia derived from aircraft observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD001295.

27.

Cohen, C. 2002: A comparison of cumulus parameterizations in idealized sea-breeze simulations. Monthly Weather Review 130, 2554-2571.

28.

Darby, L. S. , Banta, R. M. and Pielke, R. A. 2002: Comparisons between mesoscale model terrain sensitivity studies and Doppler lidar measurements of the sea breeze at Monterey Bay. Monthly Weather Review 130, 2813-2838.

29.

Day, T. A. , Gober, P. , Xiong, F. S. and Wentz, E. A. 2002: Temporal patterns in near-surface CO2 concentrations over contrasting vegetation types in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 110, 229-245.

30.

Dayan, U. , Lifshitz-Goldreich, B. and Pick, K. 2002: Spatial and structural variation of the atmospheric boundary layer during summer in Israel - profiler and rawinsonde measurements. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 447-457.

31.

de Oliveira, A. P. , Machado, A. J. , Escobedo, J. F. and Soares, J. 2002: Diurnal evolution of solar radiation at the surface in the city of São Paulo: seasonal variation and modeling. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 71, 231-250.

32.

Dhakal, S. and Hanaki, K. 2002: Improvement of urban thermal environment by managing heat discharge sources and surface modification in Tokyo. Energy and Buildings 34, 13-23.

33.

Dillon, M. B. , Lamanna, M. S. , Schade, G. W. , Goldstein, A. H. and Cohen, R. C. 2002: Chemical evolution of the Sacramento urban plume: transport and oxidation. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000969.

34.

Doorschot, J. J. J. and Lehning, M. 2002: Equilibrium saltation: mass fluxes, aerodynamic entrainment, and dependence on grain properties. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 111-130.

35.

Doran, P. T. , McKay, C. P. , Clow, G. D. , Dana, G. L. , Fountain, A. G. , Nylen, T. and Lyons, W. B. 2002: Valley floor climate observations from the McMurdo dry valleys, Antarctica, 1986-2000. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD002045.

36.

Drüe, C. and Heinemann, G. 2002: Turbulence structures over the marginal ice zone under flow parallel to the ice edge: measurements and parameterizations. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 83-116.

37.

Falge, E. , Baldocchi, D. , Tenhunen, J. , Aubinet, M. , Bakwin, P. , Berbigier, P. , Bernhofer, C. , Burba, G. , Clement, R. , Davis, K. J. , Elbers, J. A. , Goldstein, A. H. , Grelle, A. , Granier, A. , Gumundsson, J. , Hollinger, D. , Kowalski, A. S. , Katul, G. , Law, B. E. , Malhi, Y. , Meyers, T. , Monson, R. K. , Munger, J. W. , Oechel, W. , Paw U, K. T. , Pilegaard, K. , Rannik, Ü. , Rebmann, C. , Suyker, A. , Valentini, R. , Wilson, K. and Wofsky, S. 2002a: Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113, 53-74.

38.

Falge, E. , Tenhunen, J. , Baldocchi, D. , Aubinet, M. , Bakwin, P. , Berbigier, P. , Bernhofer, C. , Bonnefond, J.-M. , Burba, G. , Clement, R. , Davis, K. J. , Elbers, J. A. , Falk, M. , Goldstein, A. H. , Grelle, A. , Granier, A. , Grünwald, T. , Gumundsson, J. , Hollinger, D. , Janssens, I. A. , Keronen, P. , Kowalski, A. S. , Katul, G. , Law, B. E. , Malhi, Y. , Meyers, T. , Monson, R. K. , Moors, E. , Munger, J. W. , Oechel, W. , Paw U, K. T ., Pilegaard, K. , Rannik, Ü. , Rebmann, C. , Suyker, A. , Thorgeirsson, H. , Tirone, G. , Turnipseed, A. , Wilson, K. and Wofsky, S. 2002b: Phase and amplitude of ecosystem carbon release and uptake potentials as derived from FLUXNET measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 113, 75-95.

39.

Furberg, M. , Steyn, D. G. and Baldi, M. 2002: The climatology of sea breezes on Sardinia. International Journal of Climatology 22, 917-932.

40.

Gallo, K. P. , Adegoke, J. O. , Owen, T. W. and Elvidge, C. D. 2002: Satellite-based detection of global urban heat-island temperature influence. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2002JD002588.

41.

Gassman, M. I. , Pérez, C. F. and Gardiol, J. M. 2002: Sea-land breeze in a coastal city and its effect on pollen transport. International Journal of Biometeorology 46, 118-125.

42.

Geernaert, G. L. 2002: On extending the flux-profile similarity theory to include quasi-homogeneous conditions in the marine atmospheric surface layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 105, 433-450.

43.

Geerts, B. 2002: On the effects of irrigation and urbanisation on the annual range of monthly-mean temperatures. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 72, 157-163.

44.

Geron, C. , Guenther, A. , Greenberg, J. , Loescher, H. W. , Clark, D. and Baker, B. 2002: Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from a lowland tropical wet forest in Costa Rica. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3793-3802.

45.

Grimmond, C. S. B. and Oke, T. R. 2002: Turbulent heat fluxes in urban areas: observations and a local-scale urban meteorological parameterization scheme (LUMPS). Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 792-810.

46.

Gut, A. , Scheibe, M. , Rottenberger, S. , Rummel, U. , Welling, M. , Ammann, C. , Kirkman, G. A. , Kuhn, U. , Meixner, F. X. , Kesselmeier, J. , Lehmann, B. E. , Schmidt, W. , Müller, E. and Piedade, M. T. F. 2002a: Exchange fluxes of NO2 and O3 at soil and leaf surfaces in an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000654.

47.

Gut, A. , van Dijk, S. M. , Scheibe, M. , Rummel, U. , Welling, M. , Ammann, C. , Meixner, F. X. , Kirkman, G. A. , Andreae, M. O. and Lehmann, B. E. 2002b: NO emission from an Amazonian rain forest soil: continuous measurements of NO flux and soil concentration. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000521.

48.

Hadi, T. W. , Horinouchi, T. , Tsuda, T. , Hashiguchi, H. and Fukao, S. 2002: Sea-breeze circulation over Jakarta, Indonesia: a climatology based on boundary layer radar observations. Monthly Weather Review 130, 2153-2166.

49.

Hanna, S. R. , Tehranian, S. , Carissimo, B. , MacDonald, R. W. and Lohner, R. 2002: Comparisons of model simulations with observations of mean flow and turbulence within simple obstacle arrays. Atmospheric Environment 36, 5067-5079.

50.

Idso, S. B. , Idso, C. D. and Balling, R. C. 2002: Seasonal and diurnal variations of near-surface atmospheric CO2 concentration within a residential sector of the urban CO2 dome of Phoenix, AZ, USA. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1655-1660.

51.

Jacobs, A. F. G. , Heusinkveld, B. G. and Berkowicz, S. M. 2002: A simple model for potential dewfall in an arid region. Atmospheric Research 64, 285-295.

52.

Jazcilevich, A. D. , García, A. R. and Ruíz-Suárez, L. G. 2002: A modeling study of air pollution modulation through land-use change in the Valley of Mexico. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2297-2307.

53.

Jeong, S. J. and Andrews, M. J. 2002: Application of the k-+ turbulence model to the high Reynolds number skimming flow field of an urban street canyon. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1137-1145.

54.

Kalthoff, N. , Bischoff-Gauß., I. , Fiebig-Wittmaack, M. , Fiedler, F. , Thürauf, J. , Novoa, E. , Pizarro, C. , Castillo, R. , Gallardo, L. , Rondanelli, R. and Kohler, M. 2002: Mesoscale wind regimes in Chile at 30 °S. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 953-970.

55.

Kanda, M. , Moriwaki, R. , Roth, M. and Oke, T. 2002: Area-averaged sensible heat flux and a new method to determine zero-plane displacement length over an urban surface using scintillometry. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 105, 177-193.

56.

Kim, Y.-H. and Baik, J.-J. 2002: Maximum urban heat island intensity in Seoul. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 651-659.

57.

Klaíc, Z. B. , Nitis, T. , Kos, I. and Moussiopoulos, N. 2002: Modification of the local winds due to hypothetical urbanization of the Zagreb surroundings. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 79, 1-12.

58.

Kong, F. 2002: An experimental simulation of a coastal fog-stratus case using COAMPS(tm) model. Atmospheric Research 64, 205-215.

59.

Koronakis, P. S. , Sfantos, G. K. , Paliatsos, A. G. , Kaldellis, J. K. , Garofalakis, J. E. and Koronaki, I. P. 2002: Interrelations of UV-global/global/diffuse solar irradiance components and UV-global attenuation on air pollution episode days in Athens, Greece. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3173-3181.

60.

Kossmann, M. , Sturman, A. P. , Zawar-Reza, P. , McGowan, H. A. , Oliphant, A. J. , Owens, I. F. and Spronken-Smith, R. A. 2002: Analysis of the wind field and heat budget in an alpine lake basin during summertime fair weather conditions. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 81, 27-52.

61.

Kuhn, U. , Rottenberger, S. , Biesenthal, T. , Ammann, C. , Wolf, A. , Schebeske, G. , Oliva, S. T. , Tavares, T. M. and Kesselmeier, J. 2002a: Exchange of short-chain monocarboxylic acids by vegetation at a remote tropical forest site in Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2000JD000303.

62.

Kuhn, U. , Rottenberger, S. , Biesenthal, T. , Wolf, A. , Schebeske, G. , Ciccioli, P. , Brancaleoni, E. , Frattoni, M. , Tavares, T. M. and Kesselmeier, J. 2002b: Isoprene and monoterpene emissions of Amazônian tree species during the wet season: direct and indirect investigations on controlling environmental functions. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000978.

63.

Lee, S.-J. , Park, K.-C. and Park, C.-W. 2002: Wind tunnel observations about the shelter effect of porous fences on the sand particle movements. Atmospheric Environment 36, 1453-1463.

64.

Lemonsu, A. and Masson, V. 2002: Simulation of a summer urban breeze over Paris. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 463-490.

65.

Lennartson, G. J. and Schwartz, M. D. 2002: The lake breeze - ground-level ozone connection in eastern Wisconsin: a climatological perspective. International Journal of Climatology 22, 1347-1364.

66.

Lindberg, S. E. , Dong, W. and Meyers, T. 2002: Transpiration of gaseous elemental mercury through vegetation in a subtropical wetland in Florida. Atmospheric Environment 36, 5207-5219.

67.

Liu, C. H. and Barth, M. C. 2002: Large-eddy simulation of flow and scalar transport in a modeled street canyon. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 660-673.

68.

Liu, H. and Chan, J. C. L. 2002a: An investigation of air-pollutant patterns under sea-land breezes during a severe air-pollution episode in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 36, 591-601.

69.

Liu, H. and Chan, J. C. L. 2002b: Boundary layer dynamics associated with a severe air-pollution episode in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2013-2025.

70.

Livada, I. , Santamouris, M. , Niachou, K. , Papanikolaou, N. and Mihalakakou, G. 2002: Determination of places in the great Athens area where the heat island effect is observed. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 71, 219-230.

71.

Lubin, D. , Ricchiazzi, P. , Payton, A. and Gautier, C. 2002: Significance of multidimensional radiative transfer effects measured in surface fluxes at an Antarctic coastline. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD002030.

72.

Luhar, A. K. 2002: The influence of vertical wind direction shear on dispersion in the convective boundary layer, and its incorporation in coastal fumigation models. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 1-38.

73.

Luhar, A. K. and Young, S. A. 2002: Dispersion moments of fumigating plumes - lidar estimates and PDF model simulations. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 411-444.

74.

Malhi, Y. , Pegoraro, E. , Nobre, A. D. , Pereira, M. G. P. , Grace, J. , Culf, A. D. and Clement, R. 2002: Energy and water dynamics of a central Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000623.

75.

Martano, P. 2002: An algorithm for the calculation of the time-dependent mixing height in coastal sites. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 351-354.

76.

Martilli, A. 2002: Numerical study of urban impact on boundary layer structure: sensitivity to wind speed, urban morphology, and rural soil moisture. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 1247-1266.

77.

Martilli, A. , Clappier, A. and Rotach, M. W. 2002: An urban surface exchange parameterization for mesoscale models. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 261-304.

78.

Masson, V. , Grimmond, C. S. B. and Oke, T. R. 2002: Evaluation of the Town Energy Balance (TEB) scheme with direct measurements from dry districts in two cities. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 1011-1026.

79.

Mihalakakou, G. , Flocas, H. A. , Santamouris, M. and Helmis, C. G. 2002: Application of neural networks to the simulation of the heat island over Athens, Greece, using synoptic types as a predictor. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 519-527.

80.

Mölder, M. and Kellner, E. 2002: Excess resistance of bog surfaces in central Sweden. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 112, 23-30.

81.

Monti, P. , Fernando, H. J. S. , Princevac, M. , Chan, W. C. , Kowalewski, T. A. and Pardyjak, E. R. 2002: Observations of flow and turbulence in the nocturnal boundary layer over a slope. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59, 2513-2534.

82.

Mukhopadhyay, S. K. , Biswas, H. , De, T. K. , Sen, B. K. , Sen, S. and Jana, T. K. 2002: Impact of Sundarban mangrove biosphere on the carbon dioxide and methane mixing ratios at the NE Coast of Bay of Bengal, India. Atmospheric Environment 36, 629-638.

83.

Nepstad, D. C. , Moutinho, P. , Dias-Filho, M. B. , Davidson, E. , Cardinot, G. , Markewitz, D. , Figueiredo, R. , Vianna, N. , Chambers, J. , Ray, D. , Guerreiros, J. B. , Lefebvre, P. , Sternberg, L. , Moreira, M. , Barros, L. , Ishida, F. Y. , Tohlver, I. , Belk, E. , Kalif, K. and Schwalbe, K. 2002: The effects of partial throughfall exclusion on canopy processes, aboveground production, and biogeochemistry of an Amazon forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000360.

84.

Nieveen, J. P. and Jacobs, A. F. G. 2002: Behaviour of carbon dioxide and water vapour flux densities from a disturbed raised peat bog. International Journal of Climatology 22, 1543-1556.

85.

Nijssen, B. and Lettenmaier, D. P. 2002: Water balance dynamics of a boreal forest watershed: White Gull Creek basin, 1994-1996. Water Resources Research 38-38, 10.1029/2001WR000699.

86.

Ninari, N. and Berliner, P. R. 2002: The role of dew in the water and heat balance of bare loess soil in the Negev Desert: quantifying the actual dew deposition on the soil surface. Atmospheric Research 64, 323-334.

87.

O’Dowd, C. D. 2002: On the spatial extent and evolution of coastal aerosol plumes. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000422.

88.

Ohashi, Y. and Kida, H. 2002: Local circulations developed in the vicinity of both coastal and inland urban areas: a numerical study with a mesoscale atmospheric model. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 30-45.

89.

Öquist, M. G. and Svensson, B. H. 2002: Vascular plants as regulators of methane emissions from a subarctic mire ecosystem. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD001030.

90.

Plant, R. S. and Atkinson, B. W. 2002: Sea-breeze modification of the growth of a marine internal boundary layer. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 104, 201-228.

91.

Prusa, J. M. , Segal, M. , Temeyer, B. R. , Gallus, W. A. and Takle, E. S. 2002: Conceptual and scaling evaluation of vehicle traffic thermal effects on snow/ice covered roads. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 1225-1240.

92.

Raj, Y. E. A. , Sankaran, P. V. , Ramakrishnan, B. and Padmakumar, P. L. 2002: Climatological characteristics of sea breeze parameters at Chennai. Mausam 53, 31-44.

93.

Rao, K. S. , Gunter, R. L. , White, J. R. and Hosker, R. P. 2002a: Turbulence and dispersion modeling near highways. Atmospheric Environment 36, 4337-4346.

94.

Rao, M. P. , Casadio, S. , Fiocco, G. , Cacciani, M. , Di Sarra, A. , Fuà, D. and Castracane, P. 2002b: Estimation of atmospheric water vapour flux profiles in the nocturnal unstable urban boundary layer with Doppler sodar and Raman lidar. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 39-62.

95.

Rasse, D. P. , Stolaki, S. , Peresta, G. and Drake, B. G. 2002: Patterns of canopy-air CO2 concentration in a brackish wetland: analysis of a decade of measurements and the simulated effects of the vegetation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 114, 59-73.

96.

Richards, K. 2002a: A review of scaling theory for hardware models and application to an urban dew model. Physical Geography 23, 212-232.

97.

Richards, K. 2002b: Hardware scale modelling of summertime patterns of urban dew and surface moisture in Vancouver, BC, Canada. Atmospheric Research 64, 313-321.

98.

Richards, K. and Oke, T. R. 2002: Validation and results of a scale model of dew deposition in urban environments. International Journal of Climatology 22, 1915-1933.

99.

Rife, D. L. , Warner, T. T. , Chen, F. and Astling, E. G. 2002: Mechanisms for diurnal boundary layer circulations in the Great Basin Desert. Monthly Weather Review 130, 921-938.

100.

Rinne, H. J. I. , Guenther, A. B. , Greenberg, J. P. and Harley, P. C. 2002: Isoprene and monoterpene fluxes measured above Amazonian rain forest and their dependence on light and temperature. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2421-2426.

101.

Rotach, M. W. , Fisher, B. and Piringer, M. 2002: COST 715 Workshop on Urban Boundary Layer Parameterizations. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83, 1501-1504.

102.

Roy, S. B. and Avissar, R. 2002: Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2000JD000266.

103.

Rubio, M. A. , Lissi, E. and Villena, G. 2002: Nitrite in rain and dew in Santiago city, Chile. Its possible impact on the early morning start of the photochemical smog. Atmospheric Environment 36, 293-297.

104.

Rummel, U. , Ammann, C. , Gut, A. , Meixner, F. X. and Andreae, M. O. 2002: Eddy covariance measurements of nitric oxide flux within an Amazonian rain forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000520.

105.

Sada, K. 2002: Wind tunnel experiment of tracer gas diffusion within unstable boundary layer over coastal region. Atmospheric Environment 36, 4757-4766.

106.

Sailor, D. J. and Fan, H. 2002: Modeling the diurnal variability of effective albedo for cities. Atmospheric Environment 36, 713-725.

107.

Schafer, J. S. , Holben, B. N. , Eck, T. F. , Yamasoe, M. A. and Artaxo, P. 2002: Atmospheric effects on insolation in the Brazilian Amazon: observed modification of solar radiation by clouds and smoke and derived single scattering albedo of fire aerosols. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000428.

108.

Shashua-Bar, L. and Hoffman, M. E. 2002: The Green CTTC model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites. Building and Environment 37, 1279-1288.

109.

Shepherd, J. M. , Pierce, H. and Negri, A. J. 2002: Rainfall modification by major urban areas: observations from spaceborne rain radar on the TRMM satellite. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 689-701.

110.

Silva Dias, M. A. F. , Rutledge, S. , Kabat, P. , Silva Dias, P. L. , Nobre, C. , Fisch, G. , Dolman, A. J. , Zipser, E. , Garstang, M. , Manzi, A. O. , Fuentes, J. D. , Rocha, H. R. , Marengo, J. , Plana-Fattori, A. , Sá, L. D. A. , Alvalá, R. C. S. , Andreae, M. O. , Artaxo, P. , Gielow, R. and Gatti, L. 2002: Cloud and rain processes in a biosphere-atmosphere interaction context in the Amazon Region. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000335.

111.

Simpson, J. R. 2002: Improved estimates of tree-shade effects on residential energy use. Energy and Buildings 34, 1067-1076.

112.

Small, C. 2002: Multitemporal analysis of urban reflectance. Remote Sensing of Environment 81, 427-442.

113.

Söderberg, S. and Tjernström, M. 2002: Diurnal cycle of supercritical along-coast flows. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 59, 2615-2624.

114.

Sommer, R. , de Abreu Sá, T. D. , Vielhauer, K. , de Araújo, A. C. , Fölster, H. and Vlek, P. L. G. 2002: Transpiration and canopy conductance of secondary vegetation in the eastern Amazon. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 112, 103-121.

115.

Soriano, L. R. and de Pablo, F. 2002: Effect of small urban areas in central Spain on the enhancement of cloud-to-ground lightning activity. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2809-2816.

116.

Spronken-Smith, R. A. 2002: Comparison of summer- and winter-time suburban energy fluxes in Christchurch, New Zealand. International Journal of Climatology 22, 979-992.

117.

Stewart. J. Q. , Whiteman, C. D. , Steenburgh, W. J. and Bian, X. 2002: A climatological study of thermally driven wind systems of the U.S. Intermountain West. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 83, 699-708.

118.

Stuntz, S. , Simon, U. and Zotz, G. 2002: Rainforest air-conditioning: the moderating influence of epiphytes on the microclimate in tropical tree crowns. International Journal of Biometeorology 46, 53-59.

119.

Sturman, A. and Zawar-Reza, P. 2002: Application of back-trajectory techniques to the delimitation of urban clean air zones. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3339-3350.

120.

Svensson, M. K. , Eliasson, I. and Holmer, B. 2002: A GIS based empirical model to simulate air temperature variations in the Göteborg urban area during the night. Climate Research 22, 215-226.

121.

Troude, F. , Dupont, E. , Carissimo, B. and Flossman, A. I. 2002: Relative influence of urban and orographic effects for low wind conditions in the Paris area. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 103, 493-505.

122.

van Dijk, S. M. , Gut, A. , Kirkman, G. A. , Meixner, F. X. and Andreae, M. O. 2002: Biogenic NO emissions from forest and pasture soils: relating laboratory studies to field measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000358.

123.

Venkatesan, R. , Mathiyarasu, R. and Somayaji, K. M. 2002: A study of atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides at a coastal site using a modified Gaussian model and a mesoscale sea breeze model. Atmospheric Environment 36, 2933-2942.

124.

Vihma, T. and Brümmer, B. 2002: Observations and modelling of the on-ice and off-ice air flow over the northern Baltic Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 103, 1-27.

125.

von Randow, C. , Sá, L. D. A. , Gannabathula, P. S. S. D. , Manzi, A. O. and Arlino, P. R. A. 2002: Scale variability of atmospheric surface layer fluxes of energy and carbon over a tropical rain forest in southwest Amazonia. 1. Diurnal conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000379.

126.

Vourlitis, G. L. , Filho, N. P. , Hayashi, M. M. S. , de S. Nogueira, J. , Caseiro, F. T. and Campelo, J. H. 2002: Seasonal variations in the evapotranspiration of a transitional tropical forest of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Water Resources Research 38-38, 10.1029/2000WR000122.

127.

Vu, T. C. , Ashie, Y. and Asaeda, T. 2002: A k-+ turbulence closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer including urban canopy. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 102, 459-490.

128.

Walker, I. J. and Nickling, W. G. 2002: Dynamics of secondary airflow and sediment transport over and in the lee of transverse dunes. Progress in Physical Geography 26, 47-75.

129.

Walton, A. and Cheng, A. Y. S. 2002: Large-eddy simulation of pollution dispersion in an urban street canyon - Part II: idealised canyon simulation. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3615-3627.

130.

Walton, A. , Cheng, A. Y. S. and Yeung, W. C. 2002: Large-eddy simulation of pollution dispersion in an urban street canyon - Part I: comparison with field data. Atmospheric Environment 36, 3601-3613.

131.

Weaver, C. P. , Roy, S. B. and Avissar, R. 2002: Sensitivity of simulated mesoscale atmospheric circulations resulting from landscape heterogeneity to aspects of model configuration. Journal of Geophysical Research 107-107, 10.1029/2001JD000376.

132.

Wentz, E. A. , Gober, P. , Balling, R. C. and Day, T. A. 2002: Spatial patterns and determinants of winter atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in an urban environment. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92, 15-28.

133.

Wiggs, G. F. S. , Bullard, J. E. , Garvey, B. and Castro, I. 2002: Interactions between airflow and valley topography with implications for aeolian sediment transport. Physical Geography 23, 366-380.

134.

Zehnder, J. A. 2002: Simple modifications to improve fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model performance for the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41, 971-979.