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Abstract

Australia's unique climatic and demographic conditions have resulted in a long standing appreciation of the importance of water conservation issues. With respect to sanitation provisions, this has resulted in the development of 6/3 litre dual flush water closets (WC). In addition to the obvious environmental benefits associated with using lower flush volumes, such technology has also had significant financial implications, both for the nation and the domestic consumer. This paper outlines the development of low flush volume WCs in Australia, along with other technologies aimed at improving the sustainability of the water based sanitation systems used in Australia and throughout the industrialized world.

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Australian water closet developments and their role in sustainable sanitation

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