The possibilities for surface hardening of titanium alloys by alloying with nitrogen are reviewed. Alloying has been carried out in the solid state by plasma nitriding and in the liquid state by laser melting in nitrogen. Microstructure, hardness profiles, and fatigue and wear properties have been examined. Wear resistance was found to be greatly improved by both techniques, although at the expense of a drop in fatigue properties. Case depths of 0.1 mm were produced by plasma nitriding, while 0.5 mm case depths and a maximum hardness of 1400 HV0.1 were achieved by laser alloying.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
MITCHELLE. and BROTHERTONP.: J. Inst. Met., 1964-65, 93, 381–386.
2.
WYARRJ. L. and GRANTN. J.: Trans. ASM, 1954, 46, 540.
3.
HANZELR.: Met. Prog., 1954, 65, (3), 89–96.
4.
CUTILLJ., HAYESW., and SEEBOLDR.: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Standards, 1960, 64A, (1), 119.
RIEK. T. and LAMPET.: Proc. Int. Conf. On ‘Surface modification of metals by ion beams’, Heidelberg, September 1984, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg.
7.
MICHELH. and GantoisBit: Mém. Sci. Rev. Métall., 1972, 69, 739–749.
8.
KONUMAM. and MATSUMOTOO.: J. Less-Common Met., 1977, 52, 142–145.
9.
MIYAGIM., SATOY., MIZUNOT., and SAVADAS.: Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Titanium, ‘Titanium ‘80’, Kyoto, May 1980, Japan Institute of Metals, Vol. 4, 2867–2876.
10.
BOLLINGERH., BUCKENB., and WILBERGR.: Metcdloberffliche, 1977, 31, (8), 329–333.
11.
BELLT., ZHANGZ. L., LANAGANJ., and STAINESA. M.: in ‘Coatings and surface treatment for corrosion and wear resistance’, (ed. StraffordK. N.et al.), ch. 12, 165–172; 1985, Chichester, Ellis Horwood.
12.
KATAYAMAS., MATSUNAWAA., MORIMOTOA., ISHIMOTOS., and AVATAY.: in ‘International conference on applied laser electro-optics 1983’; 1983, Los Angeles, Cal., Laser Institute of America.
MOLARIUSJ. M., KORHONENA. S., and RISTOLAINENE. O.: J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1985, 3A, (6), 2419–2425. Other recent re-examinations of solubility limits include: L. R. WOLFF, G. F. BASTIA, and H. J. M. HEULIGERS: Proc. 11th Plansee Seminar, Reutte, May 1985, Metallwerk Plansee GmbH, Vol. 1; and E. ETCHESSAHAR, J. P. BARS, J. DEBUIGNE, A. P. LAMAZE, and P. CHAMPIN: Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Titanium, ‘Titanium science and technology’, Munich, September 1984, Deutsche Gesellschaft ffir Metallkunde.
19.
MATSUMOTOO., KONUMAM., and KANZAKIY.: J. Less-Common Met., 1982, 84, 157–163.
20.
HICKA. J.: Heat Treat. Met., 1983, 10, (1), 3–11.
21.
MAZUMDERJ.: J. Met., 1983, 35, (5), 18–26.
22.
BAYLESR. A., MEYND. A., and MOOREP. G.: in ‘Lasers in metallurgy’, (ed. MukherjeeK. and MazumderJ.); 1981, Warrendale, Pa, AIME.
