Synthesis by ‘far from equilibrium’ processes allows development of novel crystal structures and microstructures, leading to achievement of enhanced physical and mechanical properties. Three far from equilibrium techniques are reviewed (with emphasis on the amount of departure from equilibrium): mechanical alloying, plasma processing, and physical vapour deposition. Consideration is given to solubility extension, formation of nanostructured grains, amorphisation, and synthesis of intermetallic compounds. Examples are drawn from systems based on the light metals aluminium, magnesium, and titanium. PM/0715
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