Abstract
Experimental data for the variations of elastic properties with porosity of powder metallurgy materials are reviewed briefly. Analytical and finite element models based on linear elasticity theory are shown to have mixed success in explaining the observations. An additional model is proposed based on mechanisms for generation of porosity during straining. Details of the model depend on whether the porosity is interconnected or disconnected. PM/0488
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.‘Metals handbook’ , 9th edn , Vol. 7 ; 1984 , Metals Park, OH , American Society for Metals.
2.
Morrell
R.
: ‘Handbook of properties of technical and engineering ceramics’, Part 1; 1985, London, HMSO.
3.
Schwartz
H. A.
and
JUNGE
C. H.
: Proc. Am. Soc. Test. Mater. , 1941 , 41 , 816 –824 .
4.
Judd
J. A.
: ‘Iron-carbon alloys by powder metallurgy’, Special Report 38, 117-122; 1947, London, The Iron and Steel Institute.
5.
Squire
A.
: Trans. AIME , 1947 , 171 , 485 –503 .
6.
Yu
M.
. BALSHIN : DokL Akad. Nauk SSSR , 1949 , 67 , 831 –834 .
7.
Gomm
C. G.
,: ‘Treatise on powder metallurgy’; 1950, New York, Wiley.
8.
McADAM
G. D.
: J. Iron Steel Inst. , 1951 , 168 , 346 –358 .
9.
Ryshicewitch
E.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1953, 36, 65-68.
10.
Duckworth
W.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 1953, 36, 68 (discussion on Ref. 9).
11.
Spriggs
R. M.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1961 , 44 , 628 –629 .
12.
Knudsen
F. P.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1962 , 45 , 94 –95 .
13.
Eudier
M.
: Powder Metall. , 1962 , 9 , 278 –290 .
14.
Spriggs
R. M.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1962 , 45 , 454 .
15.
Artusio
G.
,
GALLINA
V.
,
MANNONE
G.
, and
SOJAMBETTERA
E.
: Powder Metall. , 1966 , 9 , 89 –100 .
16.
Brockelman
R. H.
: Met. Prog. , 1966 , 90 , (1 ), 95 –98 .
17.
Krock
B. H.
: in ‘Modern developments in powder metallurgy’ , (ed.
Hausner)
H. H.
, Vol. 3 , 105 –114 ; 1966 , New York , Plenum.
18.
McADAM
G. D.
: Powder Metall. , 1967 , 10 , 307 –317 .
19.
Pohl
D.
: Powder Metall. Int. , 1969 , 1 , 26 –28 .
20.
Haynes
R.
: Powder Metall. , 1971 , 14 , 64 –70 .
21.
Salak
A.
,
MISKOVIC
V.
,
DUDROVA
E.
, and
RUDNAYOVA
E.
: Powder Metall. Int. , 1974 , 6 , 128 –132 .
22.
Nazare
S.
and
ONDRACEK
G.
: Powder Metall. In :., 1974 , 6 , 8 –12 .
23.
Leheup
E. R.
and
MOON
B.
: Powder Metall. , 1978 , 21 , 1 –6 .
24.
Leheup
E. R.
and
MOON
J. R.
: Powder Metall. , 1980 , 23 , 15 –22 .
25.
Griffiths
T. J.
and
GHANIZADEH
A.
: Powder Metall. , 1986 , 29 , 129 –133 .
26.
Exner
H. E.
and
PoHL
D.
: Powder Metall. In :., 1978 , 10 , 193 –196 .
27.
Bailey
R.
and
HICKS
R.
: J. Mech. Eng. Sc i ., 1960 , 2, 143 –161 .
28.
Duncan
J. P.
and
UPFOLD
R. W.
: J. Mech. Eng. Sc i ., 1963 , 5, 53 –65 .
29.
Slot
T.
and W. J. O'DONNELL: J. Eng. Ind. , 1971 , 935 –942 .
30.
Agarwal
B. D.
,
PANIZZA
G. A.
, and
BROUTMAN
L. J.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1971 , 54 , 620 –624 .
31.
Miyamoto
H.
,
ODA
J.
, and
SAKATA
S.
: Bull. Jpn Soc. Mech. Eng. , 1976 , 19 , 1229 –1235 .
32.
Brook
P. A.
,
EDWARDS
A. C.
,
GARDINER
J.
,
LEHEUP
E. R.
, and
MOON
J. R.
: Powder Metall. Int. , 1982 , 14 , 183 –186 .
33.
Forskitt
M.
,
BROOK
P. A.
, and
MOON
J. R.
: Powder Metall. In :., 1987 , 19 , 19 –22 .
34.
Dewey
J. M.
: J. Appl. Phy. , 1947 , 18 , 578 –581 .
35.
Mackenzie
J. K.
: Proc. Phys, Soc. , 1950 , 63B , 2 –11 .
36.
Kerner
E. H.
: Proc. Phys. Soc. , 1956 , 69B , 808 –813 .
37.
Eskelby
J. D.
: Proc. R. Soc., 1957, A241, 376-396.
38.
Paul
B.
: Trans. AIME , 1960 , 218 , 36 –41 .
39.
Hashin
Z.
: J. Appl. Mech. , 1962 , 29 , 143 –150 .
40.
Hasselman
D. P.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1962 , 45 , 452 –453 .
41.
Hashin
Z.
and
SHTRIKMAN
S.
: J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 1963 , 11 , 127 –140 .
42.
Skorokliod
V. V.
: Powder Metall. , 1963 , 6 , (12 ), 188 –200 .
43.
Hill
R.
: J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 1965 , 13 , 213 –222 .
44.
Budiansky
B.
: J. Mech. Phys. Solids , 1965 , 13 , 223 –227 .
45.
Haynes
R.
: Powder Metall. , 1971 , 14 , 71 –77 .
46.
Nemat-Nasser
S.
and
TAYA
M.
: Q. J. Appl. Math. , April 1981 , 43-5 9 .
47.
Wang
J. C.
: J. Mater. Sci. , 1984 , 19, 801-808 ; 809 –814 .
48.
Nielsen
L. F.
: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. , 1984 , 67 , 93 –98 .
49.
Spinner
S.
and w. E. rEE-r: Proc. ASTM , 1961 , 61 , 1221 –1238 .
50.
Spinner
S.
,
REICHARD
T. W.
, and
TEFT
W. E.
: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand. , 1960 , 64A , (2 ), 147 –155 .
51.
Leheup
E. R.
and J. R. MOON: Powder Metall. , 1980 , 23, 177 –182 .
