Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The high-temperature irradiation embrittlement of steels and nickel alloys is probably due to helium precipitation in grain boundaries. It would be desirable to retain the helium as fine bubbles evenly distributed within the grains. A fine dispersion in the metal matrix may act as nucleation site for helium bubbles and it is proposed to produce by powder-metallurgy techniques afine dispersion of a ceramic oxide in a steel matrix. Ferritic chromium steel was chosen because it is known to be less susceptible to embrittlement than austenitic alloys and in this case the oxide dispersion must also improve the high-temperature mechanical properties.

Methods of preparation are discussed and results of preliminary tensile tests performed on iron containing alumina, magnesia, and titania dispersions indicate the feasibility of the proposed solution.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Lawton

., “The Irradiation of Plutonium-Bearing Ceramic Fuel Pins”, paper presented to London Conference on Fast-Breeder Reactors, 1966, Paper 4B/4. 1966: London (Brit. Nuclear Energy Soc.).

Leipunskij

A. I.

., “Experience Gained from the Operation of the BR5 Reactor 1964-1965”, ibid., Paper 2/3.

Harries

D. R.

, J. Brit. Nuclear Energy Soc., 1966, 5, 74.

Alter

and Weber

C. E.

, J. Nuclear Mat., 1965, 16, 68.

Tyzack

, London Conference on Fast-Breeder Reactors, 1966, discussion.

Cadwell

J.-J.

., U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publ. (BNWL-120), 1965.

Levy

I. S.

, ibid., (BNWL-231), 1966.

Claudson

T. T.

and Pessl

H. J.

, ibid., (BNWL- 154), 1965.

Spalaris

C. N.

, ibid., (GEAP-5061), 1965.

10.

Martin

W. R.

and Weir

J. R.

, ibid., (ORNL-TM4544), 1966.

11.

Martin

W. R.

and Weir

J. R.

, ibid., (ORNL-TM-1516), 1966.

12.

Bloom

E. E.

and Martin

W. R.

, ibid., (ORNL-3970), 1966.

13.

Nettley

P. T.

., “Problems in the Selection and Utilization of Materials in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors”, paper presented to London Conference on Fast-Breeder Reactors, 1966, Paper 5B/3. 1966: London (Brit. Nuclear Energy Soc.).

14.

Martin

W. R.

., U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publ. (ORNL-3970), 1966.

15.

Habraken

, private communication.

16.

Imai

and Hirotani

, “Powder Metallurgy” (edited by W. Leszynski), p. 359. 1961: New York and London (Interscience Publishers).

17.

US. Atomic Energy Commission Publ. (GEMP 400A), 1966.

18.

Martin

W. R.

et al., ibid., (ORNL-3970), 1966.

19.

Hansen

., Danish Atomic Energy Commission,. Riso Rep. (48), 1962; Suppl. 1 (1964).

20.

Goetzel

C. G.

and Bunshah

R. F.

, “Powder Metallurgy” (edited by W. Leszynski), p. 253. 1961: New York and London (Interscience Publishers).

21.

Case

S. L.

and Van Horn

K. R.

, “Aluminium in Iron and Steel”. 1953: New York and London (John Wiley).

22.

Wiseman

H. A. B.

and King

Blake

, Union Carbide Nuclear Co., Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Final Rep. Sub-contract No. 2180, 1963.

23.

King

Blake

and Wiseman

H. A. B.

, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Publ. (TID-21663), 1964.

24.

Sands

R. L.

, Phelps

L. A.

, and Morgan

W. R.

, Powder Met., 1962, (10), 158.

25.

Bastien

, “Le renforcement des metaux et alliages par les particules ou les fibres dispersées”, paper submitted to Conference Albert Portevin, Societe Frangaise de Métallurgie (Paris, 1966).

26.

Ashby

M. F.

and Smith

G. C.

, J. Inst. Metals, 1962-63, 91, 182.

27.

Ali

M. S.

and Phillips

V. A.

, Trans. Met. Soc. A.I.M.E., 1959, 215, 340,

28.

Jenkins

, Powder Met., 1958, (1/2), 3.

29.

Preston

and Grant

N. J.

, Trans. Met. Soc. A.I.M.E., 1961, 221, 164.

30.

Seebohm

R. H.

and Martin

J. W.

, Metallurgia, 1960, 61, 160.

31.

Lewis

M. H.

, Seebohm

R. H.

, and Martin

J. W.

, Powder Met., 1962, (10), 87.

32.

Grant

N. J.

., J. Metals, 1964, 19, 568.

33.

Meijering

J. L.

and Druvyesteyn

M. J.

, Philips Research Rep., 1947, 2, 81.

34.

Meijering

J. L.

, Plansee Proc., 1955, 405.

35.

Spengler

, Metall, 1959, 13, 646; 1960, 14, 685; 1963, 17, 710.

36.

Gatti

and Fullman

R. L.

, Trans. Met. Soc. A.I.M.E., 1959, 215, 762.

37.

Gregory

and Smith

G. C.

, J. Inst. Metals, 1956-57, 85, 81.

38.

Bonis

E. J.

and Grant

N. J.

, Trans. Met. Soc. A.I.M.E., 1962, 224, 308.

39.

Schwarzkopf

W. M.

, Z. Electrochern., 1959, 63, 830.

40.

Colombier

and Hochmann

. “Aciers Inoxydables, Aciers Refractaires”. 1965: Paris (Dunod).

41.

Jan

and Bieszkiewiez

“Internal Oxidation of Iron-Aluminium Alloys”, Inst. Badan Jadrowyck Pan Rep. (INR 644/XIV/PS), 1965.

POSSIBLE FAST-REACTOR CANNING MATERIAL STRENGTHENED AND STABILIZED BY DISPERSION *

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References