Abstract
The importance and difficulty of selecting tool materials are discussed and a logical system based on numerical property ratings is suggested.
To ensure constant availability of a full range of materials a controlled diversification of steels is proposed, which would conserve strategic elements such as molybdenum.
A number of special materials and coatings are reviewed and some recent developments in tool-steel manufacture are briefly considered.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Goetzel
C. G.
, “Treatise on Powder Metallurgy”, Vol. I. 1949: New York and London (Interscience Publishers).
2.
De Groat
G. H.
, “Tooling for Metal-Powder Parts” . 1958 : New York and London (McGraw-Hill ).
3.
Hulthen
S. I.
and
Taylor
H. G.
, ” Hoganàs Iron Powder Handbook ”, Vol. 1. 1960: HOganas (116ganiis-Billesholms AB) and Riverton, N. J. (116gan5s Sponge Iron Corporation).
4.
Khruschov
M. M.
, “Proceedings of the Conference on Lubrication and Wear, 1957”, p. 655. 1958: London (Inst. Mech. Eng.).
5.
Bowden
F. P.
and
Tabor
D.
, “The Friction and Lubrication of Solids”. 1954, (Part I), 1964 (Part II): Oxford (Clarendon Press).
6.
Barwell
F. T.
, “Lubrication of Bearings” . 1956 : London (Butterworths Scientific Publications).
7.
Hirst
W.
, Brit. J. Appl. Physics , 1958 , 9 , 125 .
8.
Roberts
G. A.
,
Hamaker
J. C.
, and
Johnson
A. R.
, “Tool Steels”. /962: Metals Park, Ohio (Amer. Soc. Metals).
9.
Grinberg
N. A.
., Avtomaticheskaya Scar/ca , 1964 , 8 , 19 .
10.
Rose
R. S.
Metal Progress , 1940 , 37 , 407 .
11.
Clayton-Cave
J.
and E. meson , J. Iron Steel Inst. , 1959 , 192 , 248 .
12.
Hoyle
G.
and E. meson , ibid. , 1959 , 191 , 44 .
13.
Lement
B. S.
, “Distortion in Tool Steels”. 1959: Metals Park, Ohio (Amer. Soc. Metals).
14.“Tool Steels” (A.I.S.I. Steel Products Manual). 1961: New York (A.I.S.I.).
15.
Houdremont
E.
and
Schrader
H.
, Techn. Mitt. Krupp, 1937, 5, 227; (Brutcher Translation No. 505).
16.
Rapatz
F.
,
Pollack
H.
, and
Holzberger
J.
, Stahl u. Eisen, 1938, 58, 265; (Brutcher Translation No. 528).
17.
Steven
G.
,
Nehrenberg
A. E.
, and
Philip
T. V.
, Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals , 1964 , 57 , 925 .
18.“Maraging Steels for Ultra-High-Strength Applications”. 1963: London (International Nickel Co. (Mond), Ltd.).
19.
Potenski
A. R.
, Metal Progress , 1962 , 82 , (4 ), 100 .
20.
Floreen
S.
and
Decker
R. F.
, Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals , 1962 , 55 , 518 .
21.
Fowler
E. L.
, Amer. Machinist , 1962 , 106 , 145 .
22.
Seabrook
J. B.
, Metal Progress , 1963 , 84 , (1 ), 78 .
23.Steel, 1960, 146, (Jan. 18), 100.
24.
Saita
Y.
, J. Japan Inst. Metals , 1964 , 28 , 249 .
25.British Patent No , 838,534.
26.Information from Jessop-Saville, Ltd., Sheffield .
27.
Ellis
J. L.
, Tool Eng., 1957, (Apr.), 103.
28.“Cermets”, (edited by J. P. Tinklepaugh and W. B. Crandall). 1960: London (Chapman and Hall).
29.Data from J. Rigby and Sons, Ltd., Cleckheaton, Yorks .
30.
Patent
U. S.
No. 2,828,202.
31.
Sandford
E. J.
and
Trent
E. M.
, “Symposium on Powder Metallurgy”, (Special Rep. No. 38), p. 84. 1947: London (Iron Steel Inst.).
32.Special Information from Wickman Wimet, Ltd., Coventry .
33.
Ammann
E.
and
Hinniiber
J.
, Stahl u. Eisen , 1951 , 71 , 1081 .
34.
Gleszer
K. M.
, Precision Metal Molding , 1952 , 10 , (7 ), 31 .
35.Information from Union Carbide, Ltd., Warwicks .
36.
Haycock
H. J.
and
Fraser
R. J.
, Machinery , 1957 , 91 , 738 .
37.Brit. Weld. J. , 1963 , 10, 546 .
38.Metallurgia, 1963, 68, 81.
39.
Bock
F.
, Metalworking Prodn. , 1964 , 108 , 55 .
40.Iron Age, 1964, 194, (Sept. 17), 82.
41.
Ruppel
W.
and
Schlamp
G.
, Beinder-Bleche-Rohre, 1964, (Oct.), 553.
42.
Child
H. C.
and
Harris
G. T.
, J. Iron Steel Inst. , 1958 , 190 , 414 .
43.
Child
H. C.
and
Oldfield
G. E.
, “Clean Steel”, (Special Rep. No. 77), p. 73. 1963: London (Iron Steel Inst.).
44.
Child
H. C.
, J. Met. Club, Royal College Sci. Technol., 1961/2, 33.
45.
Peter
W.
and
Spitze
H.
, Stahl u. Eisen , 1962 , 82 , 1287 .
46.
Johnson
A. R.
and
Hamaker
J. C.
, Mat. Design Eng. , 1965 , 61 (1 ), 86 .
47.
Williams
A. C.
, “Clean Steel”, p. 79. 1963: London (Iron Steel Inst.).
48.
Hopkins
R. K.
,
Patents Nos
U.S.
. 2,191,479/80.
49.
Robinson
N.
and
Grainger
J. A.
, Metallurgia , 1963 , 67 , 161 .
50.
Williams
A. C.
, J. Iron Steel Inst. , 1964 , 202 , 581 .
51.
Mitchell
A.
, ibid. , 1965 , 203 , 378 .
52.Metallurgia, 1965, 71, 132.
53.Ibid., p. 55.
