Abstract
Processes that depend upon volatility are widespread throughout extractive metallurgy and maybe found represented in any of the stages in the sequence from raw material to finished metal. The removal of arsenic as the volatile AS406 by roasting gold-bearing concentrates and the removal by volatilisation under vacuum of impurities from nickel alloy melts, represent the extremes. In general, despite the example of zinc retorting, the field of application of volatilisation processes lies in achieving a separation, either of valuable material from gangue, or of unwanted or deleterious material at any stage in the processing. Unless the volatile substance is produced by an exothermic chemical reaction at a temperature where its vapour pressure is appreciable, the volatilisation will be endothermic and hence energy be supplied to the system. Consequently, the deliberate vaporising of substances during processing will introduce a high cost element. In the past, volatilisation techniques may not have been deliberately sought because of this factor, but have appeared adventitiously during the evolution of classical extractive metallurgy.
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