Abstract
The major advances in the heat-treatment of alloy steels during the last thirty years have been in our understanding of the processes involved. We now know much more about the role of carbon, the importance of alloying elements, the types of microstructure resulting from heat-treatment, and the ways in which these microstructures may be influenced by departures from simple heat-treatment processes, as in austempering, and by the interpolation of other processes, such as mechanical working, during heat-treatment. A greater insight has also been gained into the relationships between microstructure and mechanical properties, due largely to the increasing use of transmission electron microscopy, and this has enabled substantial improvements to be made in mechanical properties, especially in strength and toughness.
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