Pressure diecasting is a process in which metal, heated above the solidus, is introduced into a metal mould or “die”, and is subjected to pressure in order that it shall conform to the exact shape of the mould impression or “die cavity”. The nomenclature of the process by which castings are made in metal moulds is still somewhat confused and can be misleading; in Great Britain castings poured into a mould and allowed to solidify under atmospheric pressure are termed “gravity diecastings”, but such castings are not further considered in this review. On the other hand, British and U.S. usage makes no distinction between diecastings produced from “hot-chamber” machines and “cold-chamber” machines, whereas in German, for example, they are distinguished (“Spritzgussstuck”, “Pressgussstuck”). Finally, the employment in recent years of a process that has become known as “low-pressure diecasting” has promoted a trend towards referring to both the “hot-chamber” and “cold-chamber” processes as “high-pressure diecasting”. These and other variants are tabulated and defined in Table 1.
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