Two-dimensional TIG welds have been made in a number of sheet steels containing up to O·2%C. Five different grain structures have been identified. Both the welding speed and the composition, particularly the carbon content, affected the grain structures through the interaction between pool shape and the effects of composition and thermal conditions on the solidification microstructures. Equiaxed grains were found in some steels at welding speeds greater than 45 cm/min, but most nucleation of equiaxed grains appeared to take place at the gas/liquid surface of the welds.
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