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Abstract

A key issue in layered materials is making and testing the interfaces between the laminae. This paper addresses the several methods of making interfaces andfocuses on measuring their properties using fracture mechanics. Four main methods exist for fabrication of laminate interfaces: the first is cold drawing to obtain molecular interfaces; the second is melt adhesion in which a layer of lower melting point material is used to bond the sheets together; the third is diffusion bonding where sheets of material are held in contact below the melting point; and the fourth is reaction bonding in which reactions occur near the interface to produce new products or phases. Once the interface has beenformed, its properties may then be evaluated by cracking tests. A crack is driven to the interface and its behaviour is observed. Fracture is seen to be inhibited by an elastic modulus mismatch at the interface. Cracks are deflected by low adhesion at the interface. Interfacial dislocations can give plastic behaviour of the laminate if healing of smooth interfaces can occur. The best properties of laminates will be observed at layer thicknesses between 10 and 100 nm.

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Processing and properties of interfaces in layered materials

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