During ball milling of a powder mixture of elemental titanium and graphite, TiC is synthesised by a combustion reaction. The factors controlling the reaction kinetics have been investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. In the incubation period before a combustion reaction, the carbon atoms diffuse along the grain boundaries of Ti, resulting in the mixing of the reactants on a nanometre scale. A transitional bonded state (Ti … C) is formed, reducing the ignition temperature for a combustion reaction. In addition, a minimum adiabatic temperature of 1800 K is necessary for the occurrence of combustion during the mechanosynthesis process.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
MATTEAZZIP. and Le CAERG.:J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 74, 1382.
2.
ARTMORM.: Phys. Rev. Lett., 1990, 64, 487.
3.
MUKHOPADHYAYD. K., SURYANARAYANAC., and FROESE H.: Scripta Metall. Mater., 1994, 31, 333.
4.
LIUZ. G., YEL. L., GUOJ. T., LIG. S., and HUZ. Q.: J. Mater. Res., 1995, 10, 3129.
5.
CAUCAA. and RADLINKSIA. P.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1991, A134, 1376.
6.
CALKAA., RADLINSKIA. P., SHANKSR. A., and PONDANYA. P.: J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1991, 10, 734.
7.
LIUL., PADELLAF., GUOW., and MAGINIM.: Acta Metall. Mater., 1995, 10, 3755.
8.
MAE., PAGANJ., CRANFORDG., and ARTAMONM.: J. Mater. Res., 1993, 8, 1836.
9.
MATTEAZZIP. and Le GAERG.Hyperfine Interact., 1991, 68, 177.
10.
MAE. and ARTMONM.: Mater. Chem. Phys., 1995, 39, 249.
11.
CHAKUROVC., RUSANOVV., and KOICHECJ.: J. Solid State Chem., 1987, 71, 522.
12.
SCHAFFERG. B. and MeCORMICKR G.: Metall. Trans. A., 1991, 22A, 3019.
13.
DEKEUSERTh. H., LANGFORDJ. I., MITTEMEUERE. J., and VIEGELSA. P. B.: J. Appl. Cryst., 1982, 15, 308.
14.
WAGNERC. D., RIGGSW. M., DAVISL. E., MOULDERJ. F., and MUILENBERGG. E.: ‘Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectro-scopy’, 1st edn.; 1979, MN, USA, Perkin—Elmer.
15.
WANGD. Q., WUW. H., and JUNGD. W.: ‘Spectroscopy of electron energy’, 1st edn; 1992, Beijing, Defence Industry Press (in Chinese).
