The effect of additions of the stabilising elements aluminium, niobium, titanium, and zirconium on the formation of σ phase in the experimental ferritic stainless steel Fe–39Cr–2Mo–2Ni (wt-%) has been studied. It was found that additions of titanium and zirconium increased the overall rate of formation of σ phase, whereas additions of aluminium and niobium decreased the rate. Precipitation of σ phase can be significantly retarded by making an addition of from 1 to 3%Al. The morphology of the σ phase formed in these alloys is discussed. Time–temperature–transformation curves for some of the alloys are presented.
MST/1567
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