The materials used for blade and vane applications in aero gas turbines are outlined and the mechanisms via which environmental degradation occurs are discussed with reference to Al2O3− and Cr2O3− forming alloys and coatings. The consequences of environmental degradation on the integrity of turbine blades and vanes are discussed with reference to component lifetimes and performance.
MST/885
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
DRIVERD. L., HALLD. W., and MEETHAMG. W.: ‘The development of gas turbine materials’, 1-30; 1981, Barking, Applied Science.
2.
RAEC. T.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines’, (Conf. Proc.), 13-68; 1978, Barking, Applied Science.
3.
VERSNYDERF. L.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines’, (Conf. Proc.), 1-52; 1982, Dordrecht, D. Reidel.
4.
SIMSC. T. and HAGELw. c. (eds.): ‘The superalloys’; 1972, New York, John Wiley and Sons.
5.
MEETHAMG. W.: ‘The development of gas turbine materials’; 1981, Barking, Applied Science.
6.
STRINGERJ.: ‘Hot corrosion in gas turbines’, Report 72-08, Metals and Ceramic Information Center, Cleveland, OH, 1972.
7.
RHYS-JONEST. N. and BETTRIDGED. F.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘High temperature materials and processing techniques for structural applications’, Paris, France, Sept. 1987, ASM (Europe), (in press).
8.
NICHOLLSJ. R. and HANCOCKP.: Ind. Corros., July 1987, 5, (4), 8–18.
9.
MALIKM., MORBIOLIR., and HUBNERP.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines’, (Conf. Proc.), 87-98; 1982, Dordrecht, D. Reidel.
10.
BURGELR. and KVERNESI.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines and other applications’, (Conf. Proc.), 327-356; 1986, Dordrecht, D. Reidel.
11.
GOWARDG. W.: in ‘Source book on materials for elevated temperatures’, 369-386; 1979, Cleveland, OH, ASM.
12.
CONDEJ. F., ERODESE., and RAHMELA.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines’, (Conf. Proc.), 99-148; 1982, Dordrecht, D. Reidel.
13.
RHYS-JONEST. N., NICHOLLSJ. R., and HANCOCKP.: in Proc. Conf. ‘Eurocorr 87’, 215-221; 1987, Frankfurt, Dechema.
14.
HANCOCKP.: Corros. Sci., 1982, 22, (1), 51–52.
15.
WRIGHTI. G.: ‘Oxidation of iron-, nickel- and cobalt-base alloys’, Report 72-07, Metals and Ceramic Information Center, Cleveland, OH, 1972.
16.
NICHOLLA. R.: in Proc. Course on ‘High temperature materials and coatings’, Finland, June 1984, Continuing Education Institute.
17.
WALLWORKG. R. and HEDA. Z.: Oxid. Met., 1971, 3, (2), 171.
18.
STOTTF. H., WOODG. E., and HOBBYM. G.: Oxid. Met., 1971, 3, (2), 103.
19.
WOODG. C. and STOTTF. H.: Oxid. Met., 1971, 3, (4), 365.
20.
WALLWORKG. R. and HEDA. Z.: Oxid. Met., 1971, 3, (3), 213.
WHITTLED. P. and STRINGERJ.: Philos Trans. R. Soc. (London), 1980, A295, 309.
24.
GIGGINSC. S., KEARB., PETTITF. S., and TIENJ.: Metall. Trans., 1985, 5A, 1685.
25.
GOLIGHTLYF. A., STOTTF. H., and WOODG. C.: Oxid. Met., 1976, 10, 163.
26.
GIGGINSC. S. and PETTITF. S.: ‘Hot corrosion degradation of metals and alloys — a unified theory’, Report FR11545, Pratt and Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford, CT, 1979.
27.
GOEBELJ. A., FELTONF. J., and PETTITF. S.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘Gas turbine materials in a marine environment’, Castine, ME, July 1974, Metals and Ceramic Information Center.
28.
RAPPR. A. and GOTOK. S.: in Proc. Symp. on ‘Fused salts’, (ed. BraunsteinG. and SelmanR.); 1979, Princeton, NJ, Electrochemical Society.
29.
F R.. REIS1NG and D. P. KRAUSE: Corrosion, 1974, 30, 513–521.
30.
STRINGERJ.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘Behaviour of high temperature alloys in aggressive environments’, 739-757; 1980, London, The Metals Society.
31.
RAPPR. A. and STROUDw. P.: Proc. Symp. on ‘High temperature halide chemistry’, (ed.HildenbrandD. L.and D. D.Cubicciotti),574-594;1978, Princeton,NJ,Electrochemical Society.
32.
CUTLERA. J. B.: J. Appl. Electrochem., 1971, 1, 19–26.
33.
JONESR. L. and GADOMSKES. T.J. Electrochem. Soc., 1971, 124, 1641.
34.
JONESR. L., STEARNK. H., and GADOMSKIS. T.: in Proc. 3rd UK/US Conf. on ‘Gas turbine materials in a marine environment’, Bath, Sept. 1976, Ministry of Defence.
35.
JONESR. L., STEARNK. H., DEANHARDTM. L., and HALLEJ. C.: in Proc. 4th UK/US Conf. on ‘Gas turbine materials in a marine environment’, Annapolis, MD, June 1979, US Navy.
36.
GOEBELJ. A. and PETTITF. S.: Metall. Trans., 1970, 1943, 3421.
37.
McKEEO. w. and ROMEOG.: in 2nd US/UK Navy Conf. on ‘Gas turbine materials in a marine environment’, MCIC Report 75-27, Castine, ME, July 1974, US Navy.
38.
CONDEJ. F. and McCREATHC. G.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘Behaviour of high temperature materials in aggressive environments’, 497-512; 1980, London, The Metals Society.
39.
HANCOCKP., HURSTR. C., JOHNSONJ., and DAVIESM.: in ‘Deposition and corrosion in gas turbines’, (ed. HartA. B. and CutlerA. J. B., 153-157; 1973, Barking, Applied Science.
40.
HANCOCKP. and NICHOLLSJ. R.: High Temp. Technol., Aug. 1982, 1, (1), 3–17.
41.
SPENGLFC. J.LEER. S. Y., and SHREIERS. T. in Proc. Conf. On ‘Advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines’, Castine, ME, July/Aug. 1979, Electric Power Research Institute.
42.
BORNSTEINN. S. and DeCRESCENTEM. A.: in 2nd US/UK Navy Conf. on ‘Gas turbine materials in a marine environment’, Castine, ME, July 1974, Metals and Ceramic Information Center.
43.
RHYS-JONEST. N., NICHOLLSJ. R., and HANCOCKR.: Corros. SCi., 1983, 2, (2), 139–149.
44.
HEFNERW. J. and LORDIF. D.: Report GER-3110A, General Electric, Cincinnati, OH, 1979.
45.
RHYS-JONEST. N., NICHOLLSJ. R., and HANCOCKP.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘Prediction of materials performance in plants operating with corrosive environments’, 289-311; 1987, Chichester, Ellis Horwood.
46.
RESTALLJ. E.: in ‘Development of gas turbine materials’, (ed. MeethamG. W.), 259-293; 1981, Barking, Applied Science.
47.
GALSWORTHYJ. C., RESTALLJ. E., and BOOTHG. C.: in ‘High temperature alloys for gas turbines’, (Conf. Proc.), (ed. R. Brutenaud et al.), 207-235; 1982, Dordrecht, D. Reidel.
48.
HANCOCKP., MARIEA. R. I., and NICHOLLSJ. R.: in Proc. Conf. on ‘Advanced materials for alternative fuel capable directly fired heat engines’, Castine, ME, July/Aug. 1979, Electric Power Research Institute.
49.
RESTALLJ. E. and STEPHENSOND. J.: in Proc. Int. Symp. On ‘High temperature corrosion’, Marseilles, France, July 1986, European Federation of Corrosion.
50.
WATTR. M., ALLENJ. L., BAINESN. C., SIMONSJ. P., and GEORGEM.: ‘A study of the effects of thermal barrier coating surface roughness on the boundary layer characteristics of gas turbine aerofoils’, Paper No. 87-GT-223, ASME, New York, NY, 1987.