Space provides an unique opportunity to study the human organism under conditions not found on Earth. In particular, microgravity, alone or in combination with other space environmental factors, has raised the interest of scientists as a new experimental medium. The exploration of biological systems in space promises results that could promote the fundamental understanding of the conditions for life on Earth. At the same time, the results will be applied to support man's activities in space. Focusing on European efforts, the paper reviews past accomplishments, describes midterm development and discusses biomedical objectives of the space station.
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