Abstract
The development of scientific and technological capacities in the developing countries has for many reasons been a difficult task and has assumed many different facets. Here three main groupings are defined, discussed and critically analysed: the building of scientific and technological enclaves, represented by academic centers of excellence, as well as nuclear and defence technologies from which modern science was to spread to the rest of the country's economy. Second, the import of modern technology and its adaptation to local needs. Finally, by focusing on the neglected social needs of the developing country, to integrate technology transfer and existing local technologies into the general political and economic development system of the respective country.
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