A slag film is formed in the channel between the mould and shell during the continuous casting of steel, and the amount of crystalline material in the slag film has a significant effect on the heat transfer between the steel shell and the mould. Techniques to measure the degree of crystallisation of these slag films, such as X-ray diffraction, calorimetry, microscopy, and thermal analysis, have been examined in this investigation. The ratio of (% crystallised/% glass) phases has been determined for various slag films taken from the mould when casting different steel grades; these showed that the glassy fraction varied between 0 and 100%. These results are discussed.
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