The microstructure of iron alloys has been studied extensively by means of stress waves and vibrations, i. e.by using physical acoustics. Research on microstructure has been carried out from about 1 Hz (torsion pendulum) to about 100 MHz (ultrasonic waves). A review of present knowledge of the relationship between physical acoustics and iron alloy microstructure is given. Examples are presented of practical applications using acoustic vibrations and ultrasonic waves to measure microstructural properties non-destructively in steel and cast iron.
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