Abstract
In this review the authors discuss metals and alloys used as restorative materials in dentistry. The review is divided broadly into two sections: restorations fixed in the mouth and removable prostheses. Among the fixed restorations, the most common is the amalgam filling, based on a silver-tin alloy to which mercury is added. Recent progress in identifying the reactions involved during the setting of the amalgam and work on corrosion mechanisms are considered in detail, together with effects due to compositional and manufacturing parameters. Because of their high corrosion resistance, gold and its alloys are widely employed for dental restorations. The alloys available are formulated to give a wide range of properties, dependent on the intended application, and the metallurgical factors governing these properties are described. The particular requirements of alloys for the porcelain-to-gold technique are also reviewed. Attempts to replace gold by base metals in fixed restorations have not been fully successful, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these materials are discussed. For removable appliances, basemetal alloys based on the cobalt-chromium system predominate, and recent attempts to improve the ductility of these alloys are surveyed. Joining techniques used in dentistry and materials for implants are also considered briefly.
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