Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

There is an increasing need to provide alternative processes for dealing with raw materials of lower grade and increasing heterogeneity as compared with those on which classical extractive procedures are based. In a previous review,¹ an outline was given of some properties of oxide-chloride reaction systems which allowed chlorination of oxidic material to be considered as a method for the recovery of metal values from such sources. These properties continue to influence the thinking of the chemical extractive metallurgist, and the present review advances from that position. The present situation with regard to the examples selected for the previous review is discussed, and then further recent examples of the application of chlorination to a wider range of problems in metallurgical and materials processing generally are reviewed. It must be recognized at the outset that several of these examples are obviously tentative and represent the results of laboratory essays rather than a direct approach to the solution of a specific problem. None the less, they are included on the grounds that they either provide new information of relevance to chemical metallurgy generally or represent an approach which has a wider significance in the overall scheme of chloride extractive metallurgy. In addition, in some cases the changing economic situation has introduced constraints so that an area of application at one time properly identified as being of technological interest has now become commercially impractical. In spite of this, such examples are also included because of their intrinsic scientific or technical interest.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Shelton

R. A. J.

: Metallurgical Rev., 1971, 16,30. 79.

Dragonev

et al.: Met.Abs., 1973, 6, 42 0019, 119.

Pinkney

E. T.

: 'Proc. 9th Commonwealth Min-33.ing and Metallurgy Congress', Vol. 3,397; 1969, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. 34.

Gross

Stuart:

M. C.

Brunel—NPL symp. on 'Metallurgical chemistry', 499; 1972 London, HMSO.

Brittan

M. I.

Liebenberg

R. R.

: Trans. Inst. Min.Met., 1971, 80, C156.

Brittan

M. I.

: ibid., 1971, 80, C262.

Noakes

F. D. L.

: ibid., 1971, 80, C205.

Esdaile

J. D.

Walters

G. W.

: ibid., 1974, 83, C59.

Nixon

P. J.

Prosser:

A. P.

Consolidated Gold Fields Ltd., British Patent No. 47006, Oct. 1970.

10.

Sinha

H. N.

: 'Titanium science and technology', (ed. Jaffe

Burke

H. M

), Vol. 1, Section III, 233; 1973, New York and London, Metal. Soc. AIME and Plenum Press. 42.

11.

Grey

I. E.

et al.: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1973,43.82, C151.

12.

Jones

D. G.

: ibid., 1973,82, C186.

13.

Grey

I. E.

Reid

A. F.

: ibid., 1974, 83, C39.

14.

Grey

I. E

et al.: ibid., 1974, 83, C105.

15.

Poggi

et al.: 'Titanium science and technology', (ed. Jaffe

Burke

H. M

), 247; 1973, New York and London, Metall. Soc. AIME and Plenum Press. 48.

16.

Tittle

: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1974, 83, C203.

17.

Tittle

Foley

ibid., 1973, 82, C185.

18.

Elger

G. W.

et al.: Report Invest. No. 7985, 1972, US Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Mines.

19.

Harris

H. M

et al.: TMS Paper A73-20, Metall. Soc. AIME, 1973.

20.

Henderson

A. W.

et al.: Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 2579.

21.

Merrill

C.C.

Couch:

D. E.

Report Invest. No. 7671, 1972, US Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Mines.

22.

Glasser

: 'Titanium science and technology',56.(ed. Jaffe

Burke

H. M

), Vol. 1, Section III, 285; 1973, New York and London, Metall. Soc. AIME and Plenum Press.

23.

Monk

Fray

D. J.

: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1973, 82, C161.

24.

Donaldson

J. G.

Kershaw:

K. K.

Report Invest. No. 6310, 1963, US Dept. of Interior, Bureau of Mines.

25.

Gooden

J. E. A.

: 'Chemec a '70', Symposium Series No. 33, 26; 1971, Sydney, Butterworths and Institution of Chemical Engineers.

26.

Bear

I. J.

et al.: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1974, 83, C237.

27.

Monk

Fray

D. J.

: ibid., 1973, 82, C240.

28.

Monk

Fray

D. J.

: ibid., 1974, 83, C118.

29.

Fray

D. J.

: J. Appi. Electrochem., 1973,3, 103.

30.

Ind. Minerals, Sept.

1973, 35.

31.

Hussein

M. K.

El-Barawi

: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1971, 80, C7.

32.

Hussein

M. K.

et al.: ibid.,1974,83, C154.

33.

Sano

Belton

G. R.

: Metall. Trans., 1974, 5, 2151.

34.

Saeki

et al.: Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi, 1971, '7A, (3), 24.

35.

Ruth Lapage and J. W. Marriage : Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1973, 82, ClUl.

36.

Landsberg

et al.: TMS Paper A73-21, Metall. Soc. AIME, 1973.

37.

Manieh

et al.: Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1974,5, 507.

38.

Campbell

T. T.

et al.: Metall. Trans., 1973,4, 237.

39.

McKechnie

R. K.

Seybolt

A. U.

: J. Electro-chem. Soc., 1950, 97, 311.

40.

Foley

E. M.

et al.: 'Extraction and refining of the rarer metals', 192; 1952, London, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.

41.

Min. Mag.,

1973, 129, 203.

42.

Gerdse

et al.: Erzenetau, 1972, 25, 557.

43.

Wickens

A. J.

: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1974, 83, C149.

44.

Pease

M. E.

: ibid., 1973, 82, C245.

45.

Kellog

H. H.

: Trans AIME, 1950, 188, 862.

46.

Othmer

D. F.

Nowak:

TMS Paper A73-28, Metall. Soc. AIME, 1973.

47.

Othmer

D. F

et al.: TMS Paper 73-19, Metall. Soc. AIME, 1973.

48.

Knacke

: Brunel—NPL symp. on 'Metal-lurgical chemistry', 1971, 549; 1972, London

HMSO.

49.

Kim

Y.-W.

Belton

G. R.

: Metall. Trans., 1974,5, 1811.

50.

Dewing

E. W.

: Nature, 1967, 214, 483.

51.

Dewing

E. W.

: Metall. Trans., 1970, 1, 2169. H. Schafer: Z anorg. Chem., 1974, 403, 116.

52.

Sharma

B. P.

: Trans. Inst. Min. Met., 1975, 84, C190.

53.

Landsberg

et al.: Metall. Trans., 1972, 3, 517.

54.

Fruehan

R. J.

Martonik

L. J.

: ibid.„ 1973, 4, 2993.

55.

Cliff

Lorimer:

G. W.

'Analytical elec-tron microscopy in mineralogy', (ed. Wenke

Thomas

), Chapter 7; 1975, Heidelburg, Springer-Verlag.

(D) Chloride process metallurgy

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References