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Abstract

The non-ferrous metals industry produces both gaseous and liquid effluent. Gaseous effluent includes dark smokes; sulphur dioxide; carbon; oxides, sulphates, and chlorides of various metals; dust and grit. These all arise from smelting operations or other processes involving the use of furnaces. Ancillary processes may lead to the evolution of oxides of nitrogen; hydrochloric acid; cyanogen; hydrocyanic acid; solvents, fluorides, and chlorides from welding and other fluxes; and sometimes fume from grinding operations, as, for example, the white oxide fume emitted when titanium is ground.

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