Total mushroom production worldwide has increased more than tenfold in the past 25 years from about 350 000 t in 1965 to about 4·3 Mt in 1991. Based on recent and historical trends, it is likely that diversification of the mushroom industry will continue in the USA and other Western countries. In 1993–94, the USA produced 346 188 t of mushrooms, while Japan produced 351 027 t in the same period. In the USA, Agaricus accounted for over 90% of total mushroom production value, while Lentinula, Flammulina, Pleurotus, Hypsizygus, Pholiota, and Grifola were the main genera cultivated in Japan. As consumers become more aware of the additional culinary characteristics offered by a variety of mushrooms, demand for ‘speciality mushrooms’ should increase substantially in the future.
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