Pine tannin extract has never been used before as an adhesive for plywood. Interior and exterior grade plywood panels were prepared based on various adhesive formulations with pine tannin extract on both, hardwood and softwood veneers. The best performing formulations appeared to be those in which the pine tannin was added in a proportion of 20–35% to a phenol formaldehyde or a urea formaldehyde resin or to pMDI (4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate). Mixed adhesive formulations where a small amount of pMDI was added on top of 20% synthetic formaldehyde resin gave plywood with even better performance but with shorter pot life of the adhesive mix.
BalleriniA., DespresA., and PizziA.. 2005. Non-toxic, zero-emission tannin-glyoxal adhesives for wood panels.Holz Roh Werkst.63: 477–478.
2.
BisandaE. T. N., OgolaW. O., and TeshaJ. V.. 2003. Characterisation of tannin resin blends for particle board applications.Cem Concr Compos.25(6): 593–598.
3.
DunkyM.. 1998. Urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood.Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 18: 95–107.
4.
European Standard NF EN 314-1, Plywood. 2005.
5.
Hani AbdullahU., and PizziA.. 2013. Tannin furfuryl alcohol wood panel adhesives without formaldehyde.Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 71(1): 131–132.
6.
HoongY. B., ParidahM. T., LuqmanC. A., KohM. P., and LohY. F.. 2009. Fortification of sulfited tannin from the bark of Acacia mangium with phenol–formaldehyde for use as plywood adhesive.Ind Crops Prod.30(3): 416–421.
7.
MeiklehamN., and PizziA.. 1994. Acid and alkali-setting tannin-based rigid foams.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 53: 1547–1556.
8.
PichelinF., KamounC., and PizziA.. 1999. Hexamine hardener behaviour – effects on wood gluing, tannin and other wood adhesives.Holz Roh Werkst.5: 305–317.
PizziA.. 1979a. The chemistry and development of tannin-urea-formaldehyde condensates for exterior wood adhesives.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 23: 2777–2792.
11.
PizziA.. 1979b. Phenol and tannin-based adhesive resins by reactions of coordinated metal ligands, Part 1: phenolic chelates.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 24: 1247–1256.
12.
PizziA.. 1979c. Phenol and tannin-based adhesive resins by reactions of coordinated metal ligands, Part II: Tannin adhesives preparation, characteristics and application, J.Appl. Polym. Sci. 24: 1257–1268.
13.
PizziA.. 1981. A universal formulation for tannin adhesives for particleboard.J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. A16: 1243–1247.
14.
PizziA.. 1982. Pine tannin adhesives for particleboard.Holz Roh Werkst.40: 293–300.
15.
PizziA., and CameronF.. 1981. Decrease of pressing temperature and adhesive content by metallic ion catalysis.Holz Roh Werkst.39: 463–467.
16.
PizziA., and ScharfetterH.. 1978. The chemistry and development of tannin-based wood adhesives for exterior plywood.J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 22: 1745–1757.
17.
PizziA., and WaltonT.. 1992. Non-emulsifiable, water-based diisocyanate adhesives for exterior plywood, Part 1: Novel reaction and mechanisms and their chemical evidence.Holzforschung46: 541–547.
18.
PizziA., von LeyserE. P., ValenzuelaJ., and ClarkJ. G.. 1993b. The chemistry and development of pine tannin adhesives for exterior particleboard.Holzforschung.47: 164–172.
19.
PizziA., ValenzuelaJ., and WestermeyerC.. 1993a. Non-emulsifiables, water-based, diisocyanate adhesives for exterior plywood.Part 2: industrial application. Holzforschung47: 69–72.
20.
Sedano-MendozaM., NavarreteP., and PizziA.. 2010. Effect of layers relative moisture content on the IB strength of pine tannin bonded particleboard.Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 68(3): 355–357.
ValenzuelaJ., von LeyserE., PizziA., WestermeyerA., and GorriniB.. 2012. Industrial production of pine tannin-bonded particleboard and MDF.Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 70(5): 735–740.
