This study focuses on evaluating the tribochemical processes occurring in a fired engine test and a bench tribometer with the aim of identifying the challenges related to simulating fired engine oil additive/surface interactions in laboratory conditions. Tribofilms formed in cylinder liner and piston ring surfaces from a fired engine test and a bench tribometer are chemically characterised using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This study confirmed that the chemical nature of tribofilms formed in a fired engine and a reciprocating bench tribometer are different, not surprising considering the substantially different lubrication environments between the tests. The factors necessary to be considered to improve the simulation of fired engine tribochemistry processes in laboratory conditions are identified and discussed.
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