Bioactive porous titania formed by two‐step chemical treatment of titanium substrates under high intensity ultrasonic field

Abstract

The aim of this study was to experiment a composite surface treatment for titanium in order to improve the bioactivity of titanium. This treatment was composed of immersing in H₂O₂/HCl solution under high intensity ultrasonic field (20 kHz, 1 kW) and subsequently in NaOH solution. Then, the bioactivity of the pretreated titanium substrates was evaluated by soaking the specimens in a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. In addition, the specimens were characterised respectively by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scratching test. The results showed that apatite was induced on the porous surface of Ti, when the Ti substrates were placed under a body environment. It was concluded that the composite treatment of high intensity ultrasonic assisted H₂O₂/HCl soaking and then NaOH immersion, appeared to be a promising way of improving bioactive surfaces of implants.