Laser and laser assisted arc welding processes for DH 36 microalloyed steel ship plate

Abstract

A series of laser and laser assisted metal inert gas (MIG) welds was produced from a common plate. Each weld was mechanically tested, and the welds showed broadly similar properties, except for the autogenous CO₂ laser weld metal, which had poorer toughness. This was related to a harder weld metal microstructure. Toughness and hardness were related to the lath width of the ferrite, for the welds involved. The weld metal area/volume was used as an indicator of potential distortion. In this instance, the autogenous CO₂ laser weld was superior to the CO₂ laser assisted MIG weld which was better than the Nd:YAG laser assisted MIG weld. Each weld was examined using carbon extraction replicas in the TEM, and also using an SEM with an EDAX attachment. A number of inclusions and precipitates were observed, identified and sized. It was concluded that the particles observed were not detrimental in this specific case. A tentative relationship was established between parent plate inclusion size distribution and weld metal inclusion size distribution.

Keywords

LASER WELDING MICROALLOYED STEEL LASER ASSISTED MIG WELDING MICROHARDNESS

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Masubuchi

: ‘Analysis of welded structures’; 1980, New York. NY, Pergamon Press.

Park

J.-U.

, Lee

H.-W.

and Bang

H.-S.

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 2002, 7, (4), 232–239.

Deo

M. V.

and Michaleris

: in ‘6th International trends in welding research Proc. Conf.’, (ed. S. A. David et al.), 838–843; 2003, Pine Mountain, GA, ASM International.

Michaleris

and Debiccari

: J. Ship Production, 1996, 12, (4), 269–275.

Seo

S. I.

and Jang

C. D.

: J. Ship Production, 1999, 15, (2), 73–81.

Tsai

C. L.

, Park

S. C.

and Cheng

W. T.

: Weld. J., 1999, 78, (10), 156s–165s.

Michaleris

and Debiccari

: Weld. J., 1997, 76, (4), 172s–181s.

Tsai

C. L.

: in Proc. Taiwan Int. Welding Conf. ’98 ‘Technology advancements and new industrial applications of welding’, (ed. C.-L. Tsai and H.-L. Tsai), Taipei, Taiwan; 1998.

Ueda

, Rashed

S. M. H.

and Paik

J. K.

: Trans JWRI, 1985, 14, (2), 159–173.

10.

Seo

S. I.

and Noh

J. G.

: J. Ship Production, 2003, 19, (2), 84–90.

11.

Tsirkas

S. A.

, Papanikos

, Pericleous

, Strusevich

, Boitout

and Bergheau

J. M.

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 2003, 8, (2), 79–88.

12.

Conrady

and Dull

: J. Ship Production, 1997, 13, (2), 83–92.

13.

Tsukamoto

, Kawaguchi

, Otani

, Arakane

and Honda

: in ‘6th International trends in welding research Conf. Proc.’, (ed. S. A. David et al.), 459–464; 2003, Pine Mountain, GA, ASM International.

14.

Matsunawa

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 2001, 6, (6), 351–354.

15.

Strychor

, Moon

D. W.

and Metzbower

E. A.

: in Symp. ‘Laser processing of materials’, Los Angeles, CA, USA, (ed. K. Mukherjee and J. Mazumder), 63–70; 1984, TMS-AIME.

16.

Metzbower

E. A.

: Weld. J., 1990, 69, (7), 272s–278s.

17.

Cam

, Erim

, Yeni

and Kocak

: Weld. J., 1999, 78, 193s–201s.

18.

Metzbower

E. A.

, Lambrakos

S. G.

and Bhadeshia

H. K. D. H.

: in ‘ICALEO 1999’, Section E, 138–145; Orlando, FL, Laser Institute of America.

19.

Moore

P. L.

, Howse

D. S.

and Wallach

E. R.

: in ‘6th International trends in welding research Conf. Proc.’, (ed. S. A. David et al.), 748–753; 2003, Pine Mountain, GA, ASM International.

20.

Lancaster

J. F.

: ‘The metallurgy of welding, brazing and soldering’; 1965, London, The Institution of Metallurgists.

21.

Gerritsen

C. H. J.

and Russell

J. D.

: ‘Final project report’; December 2002, Trans LAS, Shipbuilding Sector.

22.

Cochrane

R. C.

and Senogles

D. J.

: in ‘Titanium technology in microalloyed steels’, (ed. T. N. Baker), 207–223; 1997, London, The Institute of Materials.

23.

Metzbower

E. A.

, Denney

P. E.

, Moon

D. W.

, Feng

C. R.

and Lambrakos

S. G.

: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2003, 426–432, 4147–4152.

24.

Vlachogiannis

M. A.

, Zervaki

A. D.

and Haidemenopoulos

G. N.

: Tech. Chron. Sci. J. TCG, V, (1–2), 63–71.

25.

Harrison

P. L.

and Bateson

P. H.

: in ‘Titanium technology in microalloyed steels’, (ed. T. N. Baker), 180–196; 1997, London, The Institute of Materials.

26.

Moon

D. W.

, Lambrakos

S. G.

, Wong

R. J.

and Metzbower

E. A.

: Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining, 2003, 8, (2), 95–101.

27.

Beraha

and Sphigler

: ‘Colormetallography’, 47; 1977, Metals Park, Ohio, American Society for Metals.

28.

Lee

C. K.

, Candy

and Tan

C. P. H.

: Int. J. Computer Applic. Technol., 2004, Special Issue 21, (4), 171–177.

29.

Rykalin

N. N.

: ‘Calculation of heat process in welding’; 1960, Moscow.