The developments in the field of powder metallurgy (PM) enable production of complex shapes in a cost competitive way especially for automotive industry. Surface densification of sintered gears through a rolling process is a very promising technology, which enables densification of critically stressed surfaces and eventually better mechanical properties. This paper describes the complex forming behaviour of PM gear teeth during surface densification with help of finite element modelling (FEM).
N. N. Automotive gears: ‘Closing the gap for PM steels’, Metal Powder Report No. 5, 31–32, 2006.
2.
SlatteryR., HanejkoF., MarucciM. and MullerJ.: ‘Powder metallurgy of high density helical gears’, SAE Technical Paper Series, Paper no. 2003-01-0336, 2003.
3.
RauG., SiglL. S. and KrehlM.: ‘Highly loaded P/M gears produced by selective surface densification’, SAE Technical Paper Series, Paper no. 2003-01-0093, 2003.
4.
FordenL., BengtssonS. and BergstromM.: Int. J. Powder Metal I., 2005, 48, 10–12.
5.
HanejkoF., RawlingsA. and NarasimhanK.: Proc. Euro PM 2005, Shrewsbury, UK, 2005, EPMA, vol. 1, 509-515.
6.
DizdarS., FordenL. and AnderssonD.: Proc. Euro PM 2005, Shrewsbury, UK, 2005, EPMA, Vol. 1, 503-508.
7.
KotthoffG., LeupoldB. and GeimanT.: ‘Predictive modelling of P/M gear rolling’, SAE Technical Paper Series, Paper no. 2006-01-0386, 2006.
8.
BassanD., AstiM., PidriaM. F. and ZingaleP.: Proc. Euro PM 2005, Shrewsbury, UK, 2005, EPMA, Vol. 3, 217-224.
9.
KotthoffG.: ‘Neue Verfahren zur Tragfähigkeitssteigerung von gesinterten Zahnrädern’, Dissertation RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, 2003.
10.
BengtssonS., FordenL. and SkoglundP.: Proc. PMAsia 2005, Shanghai, China, 2005, 161-174.
11.
NaiduR., AshokS. and KumarP. K.: Proc. Powder Metallurgy World Cong., Shrewsbury, UK, 1998, EPMA, Vol. 2, 126-131.
12.
GologanuM., LeblondJ. B. and DevauxJ.: J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1993, 41, 1723–1754.
13.
PartederE., AndrieuxF., RiedelH. and SunD. Z.: ‘Simulation of materials processing: theory, methods and applications’, (ed. K. Mori), 1047-105 2; 2001.
14.
GologanuM., LeblondJ. B., PerrinG. and DevauxJ.: ‘Recent extensions of Gurson's model for porous ductile metals’, Continuum Micromechanics, CISM Courses and Lectures No. 377, (ed.SuquetP.), 61–130; 1997, Springer-Verlag.
15.
GursonA. L.: J. Eng. Mater. Tech., 1977, 99, 2–15.
16.
TvergaardV.: Int. J. Fract. Mech., 1981, 17, 389–407.
17.
ABAQUS Theory Manual, Version 6.6. Hibbit, Karlsson & Sorensen Inc., RI, 2006.
18.
PartederE.: ‘En Modell zur Simulation von Umformprozessen pulvermetallurgisch hergestellter hochschmelzender Metalle’, Dissertation RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany, 2000.
19.
BudianskyB., HutchinsonJ. W. and SlutskyS.: in ‘Mechanics of solids’, (ed.HopkinsH. G. and SewellM. J.), 13–45; 1982, Oxford, PergamonP ress.
20.
KumarD. R., DeniseV. A., KumarR. K. and AshokS.: ‘Simulation of surface densification of PM gears’, Paper no. 1999-01-0334, 55-60, SAE, 1999.
21.
BrewinP., CoubeO., DoremusP. and TweedJ. H. (eds.): ‘Modelling of powder die compaction, series: engineering materials and processes’; 2007, Heidelberg, Springer.