The aim of this work was to study preparation and characterisation of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and their effects on the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) polymer. A series of Mg–Al, Ni–Al, and Cu–Al hydrotalcite-like compounds were prepared. The surface morphology, interlayer space, interlamellar structure, and thermal properties of these LDHs were investigated. Results showed that a best thermal stability could be obtained with Cu–Al–LDHs as the most effective components. EPDM/Cu–Al–LDHs composites were prepared by conventional compounding with EPDM and Cu–Al type of LDHs. The cure characteristics, tensile strength, wear resistant, and flame-retardant properties were investigated. The best properties were observed for 10 phr of Cu–Al–LDHs filled composite, which resulted in no obvious changes of tensile strength, increased thermal stability, 45% decrease in abrasion loss, and 53% increase in vertical burning time, respectively, compared to that of pure EPDM matrix.
MenonARR: ‘Flame-retardant characteristics of natural rubber modified with a bromo derivative of phosphorylated cashew nut shell liquid’, J. Fire Sci., 1997, 15, (1), 3–13.
2.
KwakSB and ChoiNS: ‘Thermo-oxidative degradation of a carbon black compounded EPDM rubber hose’, Int. J. Auto. Tech., 2011, 12, (1), 401–408.
3.
WangJC, YangSL, LiG and JiangJM: ‘Synthesis of a new-type carbonific and its application in polyurethane coating’, J. Fire Sci., 2003, 21, (1), 245–266.
WuLJ and LuoQK: ‘Effects of ATH on the properties of halogen-free flame retardant EPDM blends’, Spec. Purp. Rubber Prod., 2011, 32, (1), 18–22.
6.
GuoJX and LuoQK: ‘Effect of ATH composite flame retardants on properties of EPDM vulcanizate’, Spec. Purp. Rubber Prod., 2006, 27, (1), 15–18.
7.
JiaoQZ, LiuHB, ZhaoY and ZhangZ: ‘Preparation and application of Cu/Cr ydrotalcite-like compounds’, J. Mater. Sci., 2009, 44, 4422–4428.
8.
RiveraJA, FetterG, BanosL, GuzmanJ and BoschP: ‘New hydroxyapatite-hydrotalcite composites I. Synthesis’, J. Porous Mater., 2009, 16, (1), 401–408.
9.
KuilaT, SrivastavaSK and BhowmickAK: ‘Rubber/LDH nanocomposites by solution blending’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2009, 2, (1), 635–641.
10.
CostaFR, PradhanS, WagenknechtU, BhowmickA and HeinrichG: ‘XNBR/LDH nano-composites: Effect of vulcanization and organic modifier on nanofiller dispersion and strain-induced crystallization’, J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys., 2010, 22, 2302–2311.
11.
PradhanB, SrivastavaSK, AnanthakrishnanR and SaxenaA: ‘Preparation and characterization of exfoliated layered double hydroxide/silicone rubber nanocomposites’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2011, 1, (1), 343–351.
12.
DanieleFC, Joao CarlosMS, ReginaCRN and LeilaLYV: ‘Effect of mica addition on the properties of natural rubber and polybutadiene rubber vulcanizates’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, 90, 2156–2162.
13.
LideDR: ‘Handbook of chemistry and physics’, 76th edn; 1995, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.
14.
KannanS: ‘Catalytic applications of hydrotalcite-like materials and their derived forms’, Catal. Surv. Asia, 2006, 10, (1), 117–137.
15.
HeJ, WeiM, LiB, KangY, EvansDG and DuanX: ‘Preparation of layered double hydroxides’, Struct. Bond, 2006, 119, (1), 89–119.
16.
CrepaldiEL, PavanPC, ValimJB: ‘Comparative study of the coprecipitation methods for the preparation of layered double hydroxides’, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 2000, 11, (1), 64–70.
17.
ResiniC, MontanariT, BarattiniL, RamisG, BuscaG, PrestoS, RianiP, MarazzaR, SisaniM, MarmottiniF and CostantinoU: ‘Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming over Ni catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like precursors: Catalyst characterization, catalytic activity and reaction path’, Appl. Catal. A, 2009, 355A, (1), 83–93.
18.
ZengHY, WangYJ, FengZ, YouKY, ZhaoC, SunJW and LiuPL: ‘Synthesis of propylene glycol monomethyl ether over Mg/Al hydrotalcite catalyst’, Catal. Lett., 2010, 137, (1), 94–103.
19.
LiJH, LiW, KangSF and RuiK: ‘Comparison of NO adsorbing ability and process on Pt/Mg/Al oxide catalysts prepared by different methods’, Catal. Lett., 2007, 116, (1), 155–161.
20.
BuscaG, CostantinoU, MontanariT, RamisG, ResiniC and SisaniM: ‘Nickel versus cobalt catalysts for hydrogen productiopn by ethanol steam reforming: Ni–Co–Zn–Al catalysts from hydrotalciteù-like precursors’, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 2010, 35, 5356–5366.
21.
HolgadoMJ, RivesV and SanRMS: ‘Characterization of Ni-Mg-Al mixed oxides and their catalytic activity in oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane and propene’, Appl. Catal. A, 2001, 214A, (1), 219–228.
22.
KwakJH, KimDH, SzanyiJ, ChoSJ and PedenCHF: ‘Enhanced high temperature performance of MgAl2O4-supported Pt-BaO lean NOx trap catalysts’, Top Catal., 2012, 55, (1), 70–77.
23.
XuXP, ChuW, WangN and MaF: ‘Hydrogen production by ethanol steam reforming on NiCuMgAl catalysts derived from hydrotalcite-like precursors’, Catal. Lett., 2011, 141, 1228–1236.
24.
TimoshenkoT, KosorukovGAA, PshinkoGN and GoncharukVV: ‘Calcinated hydrotalcite—a sorbent for purifying uraniferous waters’, J. Water Chem. Tech., 2009, 31, (1), 250–255.
25.
LiZH, SongYC, WangJ, LiuQ, YangPP and ZhangML: ‘Study of structural transformations and phases formation upon calcination of Zn–Ni–Al hydrotalcite nanosheets’, Bull. Mater. Sci., 2011, 34, (1), 183–189.
26.
AlejandreA, MedinaF, SalagreP, CorregiX and SueirasJE: ‘Preparation and study of Cu−Al mixed oxides via hydrotalcite-like precursors’, Chem. Mater., 1999, 11, (1), 939–948.
27.
GennequinC, SiffertS, CousinR and AboukaisA: ‘Co–Mg–Al hydrotalcite precursors for catalytic total oxidation of volatile organic compounds’, Top Catal., 2009, 52, (1), 482–491.
28.
YoonKB, SungHD, HwangYY, NohSK and LeeDH: ‘Modification of montmorillonite with oligomeric amine derivatives for polymer nanocomposite preparation’, Appl. Clay Sci., 2007, 38, (1), 1–8.
29.
LabruyèrèC, MonteverdeF, AlexandreM and DuboisP: ‘Exfoliation of clays in poly(dimethylsiloxane) rubber using an unexpected couple: a silicone surfactant and water’, J. Nanosci. Nanotech., 2009, 9, 2731–2738.
30.
BurwellJT: ‘Survey of possible wear mechanism’, Wear, 1957, 1, (1), 119–123.
31.
XiaY, JianXG, LiJF, WangXH and XuYY: ‘Synergistic effect of montmorillonite and intumescent flame retardant on flame retardance enhancement of ABS’, Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng., 2007, 46, (1), 227–232.
32.
LiB, JiaH, GuanLM, BingBC and DaiJF: ‘A novel intumescent flame-retardant system for flame-retarded LLDPE/EVA composites’, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2009, 114, 3626.
33.
HuY, TangY and SongL: ‘Poly(propylene)/clay nanocomposites and their application in flame retardancy’, Polym. Adv. Technol., 2006, 17, (1), 235–245.
