In the current research, clamshell powder has been incorporated as biofiller in three elastomeric matrixes (i.e. natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber). Mechanical properties, curing behaviour and crosslink density of the compounds were evaluated. Through illustration of the shortcomings in the application of this biomaterial, our study sheds light on further applications of this biofiller in polymeric matrixes. Unexpected low specific surface area in consequence of the way of clamshell breakdown during grinding has been found to be the major reason for the observed mechanical properties. A qualitative model has been proposed to gain a better understanding of the clamshell breakdown. The model was confirmed using scanning electron microscope images and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area test. The obtained results demonstrate the necessity of modification of the clamshell and doing more studies in this field.
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