Abstract
The development of new therapies based on tissue engineering technologies poses many challenges at all levels, from fundamental science to manufacture, regulation and sale of product into a new and largely untested market. This article discusses some of the major factors influencing the development of tissue engineering from laboratory to clinic, and its emergence as a mainstream cost effective treatment option within the field of regenerative medicine.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Naughton
G.
: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci ., 2002 , 961 , 372 –385 .
2.
Chaikof
E.
: Ann. N.Y. Acad Sci ., 2002 , 961 , 112 –113 .
3.
Vats
A.
,
Tolley
N. S.
,
Polak
J. M.
and
Gough
J. E.
: Clin. Otolaryngol ., 2003 , 28 (3 ), 165 –172 .
4.
Stock
U. A.
and
Vacanti
J. P.
: Ann. Rev. Med , 2001 , 52 , 443 –451 .
5.
Kim
S. E.
,
Park
J. H.
,
Cho
Y. W.
,
Chung
H.
,
Jeong
S. Y.
,
Lee
E. B.
and
Kwon
I.
: J. Control Release , 2003 , 91 (3 ), 365 –374 .
6.
Chen
G.
,
Sato
T.
,
Ushida
T.
,
Ochiai
N.
and
Tateishi
T.
: Tissue Eng ., 2004 , 10 (3-4 ), 323 –330 .
7.
Xu
H. H.
,
Simon
C. G.
Jr
.: J. Orthop. Res ., 2004 , 22 (3), 535-543.
8.
Liu
H.
,
Mao
J.
,
Yao
K.
,
Yang
G.
,
Cui
L.
and
Cao
Y.
: J. Biomater. SetPolym. Ed. , 2004 , 15 (1), 25-40.
9.
Yost
M. J.
,
Baicu
C. F.
,
Stonerock
C. E.
,
Goodwin
R. L.
,
Price
R. L.
,
Davis
J. M.
,
Evans
H.
,
Watson
P. D.
,
Gore
C. M.
,
Sweet
J.
,
Creech
L.
,
Zile
M. R.
and
Terracio
L.
: Tissue Eng ., 2004 , 10 (1-2 ), 273 –284 .
10.
Yang
F.
,
Murugan
R.
,
Ramakrishna
S.
,
Wang
X.
,
Ma
Y. X.
and
Wang
S.
: Biomaterials , 2004 , 25 (10 ), 1891 –1900 .
11.
Zhang
J. Y.
,
Doll
B. A.
,
Beckman
E. J.
and
Hollinger
J. O.
: Tissue Eng ., 2003 , 9 (6 ), 1143 –1157 .
12.
Vogt
S.
,
Larcher
Y.
,
Beer
B.
,
Wilke
B. I.
and
Schnabelrauch
M.
: Eur. Cell. Mater ., 2002 , 4 , 30 –38 .
13.
Drury
J. L.
and
Mooney
D. J.
: Biomaterials , 2003 , 24 (24 ), 4337 –4351 .
14.
Bokhari
M.
,
Birch
M.
and
Akay
G.
: Adv. Exp. Med Biol ., 2003 , 534 , 247 –254 .
15.
Hollister
S. J.
,
Maddox
R. D.
and
Taboas
J. M.
: Biomaterials , 2002 , 23 (20 ), 4095 –4103 .
16.
Underwood
S.
,
Afoke
A.
,
Brown
R. A.
,
MacLeod
A. J.
,
Shamlou
P. A.
,
Dunnill
P.
: Biotechnot Bioeng ., 2001 , 73 (4 ), 295 –305 .
17.
Suh
J. K.
and
Matthew
H. W.
: Biomaterials , 2000 , 21 (24 ), 2589 –2598 .
18.
Kim
H. W.
,
Knowles
J. C.
, and
Kim
H. E.
: J. Mater. Set Mater.Med , 2005 , 16 (3 ), 189 –195 .
19.
Livingston
T.
,
Ducheyne
P.
and
Garino
J.
: J. Biomed. Mater. Res ., 2002 , 62 (1 ), 1 –13 .
20.
Barry
J. J.
,
Gidda
H. S.
,
Scotchford
C. A.
and
Howdle
S. M.
: Biomaterials , 2004 , 25 (17 ), 3559 –3568 .
21.
Hile
D. D.
,
Amirpour
M. L.
,
Akgerman
A.
and
Pishko
M. V.
: J. Control. Release ., 2000 , 66 (2-3 ), 177 –185 .
22.
Tan
K. H.
,
Chua
C. K.
,
Leong
K. F.
,
Cheah
C. M.
,
Cheang
P.
,
Abu Bakar
M. S.
and
Cha
S. W.
: Biomaterials , 2003 , 24 (18 ), 3115 –3123 .
23.
Boland
E. D.
,
Matthews
J. A.
,
Pawlowski
K. J.
,
Simpson
D. G.
,
Wnek
G. E.
and
Bowlin
G. L.
: Front. Biosci ., 2004 , 9 , 1422 –1432 .
24.
Lin
C. Y.
,
Kikuchi
N.
and
Hollister
S. J.
: J. Biomech ., 2004 , 37 (5 ), 623 –636 .
25.
Sun
W.
,
Darling
A.
,
Starly
B.
and
Nam
J.
: Biotechnot Appl. Biochem . 2004 , 39 (Pt 1 ), 29 –47 .
26.
Taboas
J. M.
,
Maddox
R. D.
,
Krebsbach
P. H.
,
Hollister
S. J.
: Biomaterials , 2003 , 24 (1 ), 181 –194 .
27.
Hollister
S. J.
,
Levy
R. A.
,
Chu
T. M.
,
Halloran
J. W.
and
Feinberg
S. E.
: Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg ., 2000 , 29 (1 ), 67 –71 .
28.
Sachlos
E.
and
Czernuszka
J. T.
: Eur. Cell. Mater ., 2003 , 5, 29-39; discussion 39-40.
29.
Sun
W.
,
Starly
B.
, and
Darling
A.
and
Gomez
C.
: Biotechnot Appl. Biochem ., 2004 , 39 (Pt 1 ), 49 –58 .
30.
Rose
F. R.
and
Oreffo
R. O.
: Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun ., 2002 , 292 (1 ), 1 –7 .
31.
Reddi
A. H.
and
Cunningham
N. S.
: J. Biomech. Eng ., 1991 , 113 (2 ), 189 –190 .
32.
Brodkin
K. R.
,
Garcia
A. J.
and
Levenston
M. E.
: Biomaterials , 2004 , 25 (28 ), 5929 –5938 .
33.
Rekow
D.
: Adv. Dent. Res ., 2003 , 17 , 49 –54 .
34.
Altman
G. H.
,
Lu
H. H.
,
Horan
R. L.
,
Calabro
T.
,
Ryder
D.
,
Kaplan
D. L.
,
Stark
P.
,
Martin
I.
,
Richmond
J. C.
and
Vunjak-Novakovic
G.
: J. Biomech. Eng ., 2002 , 124 (6 ), 742 –749 .
35.
Huang
Y. C.
,
Wang
T. W.
,
Sun
J. S.
and
Lin
F. H.
: Biomed Set Instrum ., 2003 , 39 , 500 –505 .
36.
Andersson
H.
and
van den Berg
A.
: Lab Chip , 2004 , 4 (2 ), 98 –103 .
37.
Mironov
V.
,
Kasyanov
V.
,
McAllister
K.
,
Oliver
S.
,
Sistino
J.
and
Markwald
R.
: J. Craniofac. Surg ., 2003 , 14 (3 ), 340 –347 .
38.
McCulloch
A. D.
,
Harris
A. B.
,
Sarraf
C. E.
and
Eastwood
M.
: Tissue Eng ., 2004 , 10 (3-4 ), 565 –573 .
39.
Malpeli
M.
,
Randazzo
N.
,
Cancedda
R.
and
Dozin
B.
: Tissue Eng ., 2004 , 10 (1-2 ), 145 –155 .
40.
Navarro
F. A.
,
Mizuno
S.
,
Huertas
J. C.
,
Glowacki
J.
and
Orgill
D. P.
: Wound Repair Regen ., 2001 , 9 (6 ), 507 –512 .
41.
Martin
I.
,
Wendt
D.
and
Heberer
M.
: TRENDS Biotechnol ., 2004 , 22 (2 ), 80 –86 .
42.
Lysaght
M. J.
and
Hazlehurst
A. L.
: Tissue Eng ., 2004 , 10 (1-2 ), 309 –320 .
43.
Fauza
D. O.
: Curr. Opin. Pediatr ., 2003 , 15 (3 ), 267 –271 .
44.
Pangarkar
N.
and
Hutmacher
D. W.
: Tissue Eng ., 2003 , 9 (6 ), 1313 –1322 .
45.
Longley
D.
and
Lawford
P.
: Med Law Int ., 2001 , 5 (2 ), 101 –115 .
46.
Lloyd-Evans
M.
: Mater. Today , 2004 , 7 (5 ), 48 –54 .
