Grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) of the Hastelloy C2000 alloy (Ni–23Cr–16Mo) and the effect of coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries on corrosion resistance were examined by electron backscattered diffraction and electrochemical experiments. Various deformation followed by annealing was applied to optimise the GBCD of the alloy. After grain boundary engineering (GBE) treatment, the proportion of CSL boundaries increased from 37.7% to 62.4% and the corrosion current density of the specimens decreased in NaCl solution. The results indicated that GBE treatment is responsible for preferable corrosion resistance due to the increase of the fraction of special low energy grain boundaries with perfect grain boundary atom arrangement after thermomechanical process.
RodríguezM. A., CarranzaR. M. and RebakR. B.: ‘Passivation and depassivation of alloy 22 in acidic chloride solutions corrosion, passivation, and anodic films’, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2010, 157, 1–8. doi: 10.1149/1.3246790
2.
ZarchiH. R. K., SoltaniehM., AboutalebiM. R. and GuoX.: ‘Thermodynamic study on pack aluminizing systems of pure titanium and nickel’, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 2013, 23, 1838–1846. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62668-0
3.
ZhangQ., TangR., YinK. J., LuoX. and ZhangL. F.: ‘Corrosion behavior of Hastelloy C-276 in supercritical water’, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51, 2092–2097. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.041
4.
McDanielsR. L., ChenL., StewardR., LiawP. K., BuchananR. A., WhiteS., LiawK. and KlarstromD. L.: ‘The strain-controlled fatigue behavior and modeling of Haynes C-2000 superalloy’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, A528, 3952–3960. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2010.10.024
5.
WatanabeT.: ‘An approach to grain boundary design for strong and ductile polycrystals’, Res. Mech., 1984, 11, 47–84.
6.
RandleV.: ‘Mechanism of twinning-induced grain boundary engineering in low stacking-fault energy materials’, Acta Mater., 1999, 47, 4187–4196. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00277-3
HouG., LuoH. and LvJ.: ‘Grain boundary character distribution and sensitisation behaviour of grain boundary engineered stable austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316L)’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2014, 30, 1447–1452. doi: 10.1179/1743284714Y.0000000525
9.
ShimadaM., KokawaH., WangZ. J., SatoY. S. and KaribeI.: ‘Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering’, Acta Mater., 2002, 50, 2331–2341. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00064-2
10.
S. K. B., PrasadB. S., KainV. and ReddyJ.: ‘Methods for making alloy 600 resistant to sensitization and intergranular corrosion’, Corros. Sci., 2013, 70, 55–61. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.12.021
11.
KimC. S., HuY., RohrerG. S. and RandleV.: ‘Five-parameter grain boundary distribution in grain boundary engineered brass’, Scr. Mater., 2005, 52, 633–637. doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.025
12.
DaviesH. and RandleV.: ‘Effect of thermomechanical processing on grain boundary character distribution in α brass’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2000, 16, 1399–1402. doi: 10.1179/026708300101507352
13.
LiH., XiaS., ZhouB. X., ChenW. and HuC.: ‘The dependence of carbide morphology on grain boundary character in the highly twinned Alloy 690’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2010, 399, 108–113. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.01.008
14.
LiuT. G., XiaS., LiH., ZhouB. X. and BaiQ.: ‘The highly twinned grain boundary network formation during grain boundary engineering’, Mater Lett., 2014, 133, 97–100. doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.06.166
15.
KruppU., WagenhuberP. E. G., KaneW. M. and McMahonC. J.: ‘Improving resistance to dynamic embrittlement and intergranular oxidation of nickel based superalloys by grain boundary engineering type processing’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2005, 21, 1247–1254. doi: 10.1179/174328405X63935
16.
XuP., ZhaoL. Y., SridharanK. and AllenT. R.: ‘Oxidation behavior of grain boundary engineered alloy 690 in supercritical water environment’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2012, 422, 143–151. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.12.022
17.
TanL., SridharanK. and AllenT. R.: ‘Effect of thermomechanical processing on grain boundary character distribution of a Ni-based superalloy’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2007, 371, 171–175. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.05.002
KokawaH., WatanabeT. and KarashimaS.: ‘Observations of grain boundary fine structures in zinc by transmission electron microscopy’, Scr. Mater., 1978, 12, 357–359.
20.
KokawaH., ShimadaM. and SatoY. S.: ‘Grain-boundary structure and precipitation in sensitized austenitic stainless steels’, JOM, 2000, 52, 34–37. doi: 10.1007/s11837-000-0159-0
21.
RathB. B., ImamM. A. and PandeC. S.: ‘Nucleation and growth of twin interfaces in fcc metals and alloys’, Mater. Phys. Mech., 2000, 1, 61–66.
22.
SakaguchiN., EndoM., WatanabeS., KinoshitaH., YamashitaS. and KokawaH.: ‘Radiation-induced segregation and corrosion behavior on Σ3 coincidence site lattice and random grain boundaries in proton-irradiated type-316L austenitic stainless steel’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2013, 434, 65–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.11.036
23.
WestE. A. and WasG. S.: ‘IGSCC of grain boundary engineered 316L and 690 in supercritical water’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2009, 392, 264–271. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.03.008
24.
GertsmanV. Y. and BruemmerS. M.: ‘Study of grain boundary character along intergranular stress corrosion crack paths in austenitic alloys’, Acta Mater., 2001, 49, 1589–1598. doi: 10.1016/S1359-6454(01)00064-7
25.
LiS. X., HeY. N., YuS. R. and ZhangP. Y.: ‘Evaluation of the effect of grain size on chromium carbide precipitation and intergranular corrosion of 316L stainless steel’, Corros. Sci., 2013, 66, 211–216. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.09.022
26.
XiaS., LiH., LiuT. G. and ZhouB. X.: ‘Appling grain boundary engineering to Alloy 690 tube for enhancing intergranular corrosion resistance’, J. Nucl. Mater., 2011, 416, 303–310. doi: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.06.017
