Nanostructured super bainitic and quenching–partitioning (Q&P) martensitic steels with a significant amount of retained austenite obtained by low temperature bainitic transformation and Q&P respectively were studied to explore the effect of retained austenite on stirring wear resistance. The results suggest that the Q&P martensitic steel significantly enhanced the hardness of the worn surface (from 674 to 762 HV1) and increased the thickness of the deformed layer (∼3.3 μm), compared to the nanostructured bainitic steel. The underlying reason is that the Q&P martensitic steel has a higher stability of retained austenite thereby providing a superior transformation induced plasticity effect to increase surface hardness and reduce wear rate during the wear process.
BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Bainite in steels’, 2nd edn, Vol. 1, 19–63; 2001, London, Maney.
2.
BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Nanostructured bainite’, Proc. R. Soc. A, 2010, 466A, 3.
3.
CaballeroF. G. and BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Very strong bainite’, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2004, 8, 251–257.
4.
García-MateoC., CaballeroF. G. and BhadeshiaH. D. H.: ‘Development of hard bainite’, ISIJ Int., 2003, 43, 1238–1243.
5.
García-MateoC., CaballeroF. G. and BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Mechanical properties of low-temperature bainite’, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2005, 500-501, 495–502.
6.
LeiroA., KankanalaA., VuorinenE. and PrakashB.: ‘Tribological behaviour of carbide-free bainitic steel under dry rolling/sliding conditions’, Wear, 2011, 273, 2–8.
7.
LeiroA., VuorinenE., SundinK. G., PrakashB., SourmailT., SmanioV., CaballeroF. G., Garcia-MateoC. and ElviraR.: ‘Wear of nano-structured carbide-free bainitic steels under dry rolling-sliding conditions’, Wear, 2013, 298-299, 42–47.
8.
KankanalaA.: ‘Unlubricated rolling/sliding wear behaviour of high silicon carbide-free steels’, ‘Master's thesis’, 21–32; 2010, Sweden, Luleå University of Technology.
9.
YangJ., WangT. S., ZhangB. and ZhangF. C.: ‘Sliding wear resistance and worn surface microstructure of nanostructured bainitic steel’, Wear, 2012, 282-283, 81–84.
10.
ZhangP., ZhangF. C., YanZ. G., WangT. S. and QianL. H.: ‘Wear property of low-temperature bainite in the surface layer of a carburized low carbon steel’, Wear, 2011, 271, 697–704.
11.
SpeerJ. G., MatlockD. K., De CoomanB. C. and SchrothJ. G.: ‘Carbon partitioning into austenite after martensite transformation’, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, 2611–2622.
12.
SpeerJ. G., EdmondsD. V., RizzoF. C. and MatlockD. K.: ‘Partitioning of carbon from supersaturated plates of ferrite, with application to steel processing and fundamentals of the bainite transformation’, Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci., 2004, 8, 219–237.
13.
EdmondsD. V. and SpeerJ. G.: ‘Martensitic steels with carbide free microstructures containing retained austenite’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2010, 26, 386–391.
14.
EdmondsD. V., HeK., RizzoF. C., De CoomanB. C., MatlockD. K. and SpeerJ. G.: ‘Quenching and partitioning martensite - a novel steel heat treatment’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, A438-A440, 25–34.
15.
StreicherA. M., SpeerJ. G., MatlockD. K. and De CoomanB. C.: ‘In quenching and partitioning response of a Si-added TRIP sheet steel’, (ed. SpeerJ. G.), ‘Proc. Int. Conf. on Advanced high strength sheet steels for automotive applications’, 51–62; 2004, Warrendale, PA, USA, AIST.
16.
XuZ. Y.: ‘Composition and heat treatment process for high strength steel’, Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, 561-565, 2283–2286.
17.
ZhongN., WangX. D., WangL. and RongY. H.: ‘Enhancement of the mechanical properties of a Nb-microalloyed advanced high-strength steel treated by quenching-partitioning-tempering process’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, A506, 111–116.
18.
WangX. D., GuoZ. H. and RongY. H.: ‘Mechanism exploration of an ultrahigh strength steel by quenching-partitioning-tempering process’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, A529, 35–40.
19.
ZhouS., ZhangK., WangY., GuJ. F. and RongY. H.: ‘High strength-elongation product of Nb-microalloyed low-carbon steel by a novel quenching-partitioning-tempering process’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, A528, 8006–8012.
20.
WangC. Y., ShiJ., LiuS., DuS. F. and DongH.: ‘Study on three-body impact-abrasion of steel treated by quenching-partitioning-tempering process’, Chin. J. Mater. Res., 2009, 23, 305–310.
21.
LiuS. G., DongS. S., YangF., LiL., HuB., XiaoF. H., ChenQ. and LiuH. S.: ‘Application of quenching-partitioning-tempering process and modification to a newly designed ultrahigh carbon steel’, Mater. Des., 2014, 56, 37–43.
22.
García-MateoC., CaballeroF. G. and BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Acceleration of low-temperature bainite’, ISIJ Int., 2003, 43, 1821–1825.
23.
LindströmA.: ‘Austempered high silicon steel – investigation of wear resistance in a carbide free microstructure’, ‘Master's thesis’, 17–22; 2006, Sweden, Luleå University of Technology.
24.
HeT. Q., WuK. M., AnatoliiT., YuH. W. and XiongY. Z.: ‘Effect offeeding Ca-Mg-RE-Zr composite cored wire during refining of liquid steel on abrasive wear resistance of high-strength steels’, Wear, 2013, 303, 524–532.
HuF. and WuK. M.: ‘Nanostructured high carbon dual-phase steels’, Scr. Mater., 2011, 65, 351–354.
28.
CaballeroF. G., MillerM. K. and García-MateoC.: ‘Carbon supersaturation of ferrite in a nanocrystalline bainitic steel’, Acta Mater., 2010, 58, 2338–2343.
29.
TimokhinaI. B., BeladiH., XiongX. Y., AdachiY. and HodgsonP. D.: ‘Nanoscale microstructural characterization of a nanobainitic steel’, Acta Mater., 2011, 59, 5511–5522.
30.
MisraR. D. K., VenkatsuryaP., WuK. M. and KarjalainenL. P.: ‘Ultrahigh strength martensite-austenite dual-phase steels with ultrafine structure: the response to indentation experiments’, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, A560, 693–699.
31.
WangC. Y.: ‘Investigation on 30 GPa grade ultrahigh-strength martensitic–austenitic steels’, ‘PhD thesis’, 39–54; 2010, Beijing, China, Central Iron & Steel Research Institute.
32.
HuF., WuK. M., HouT. P. and ShirzadiA. A.: ‘Tempering stability of retained austenite in nanostructured dual-phase steels’, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2013, 29, 947–953.
33.
TimokhinaI. B., HodgsonP. D. and PerelomaE. V.: ‘Effect of microstructure on the stability of retained austenite in transformation-induced-plasticity steels’, Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 35A, 2004, 2331–2341.
34.
ChenjeT. W., SimbiD. J. and NavaraE.: ‘Relationship between microstructure, hardness, impact toughness and wear performance of selected grinding media for mineral ore milling operations’, Mater. Des., 2004, 25, 11–18.
35.
ChangL. C.: ‘The rolling/sliding wear performance of high silicon carbide-free bainitic steels’, Wear, 2005, 258, 730–743.
36.
BakshiS. D., ShipwayP. H. and BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Three-body abrasive wear of fine pearlite, nanostructured bainite and martensite’, Wear, 2013, 308, 46–53.
37.
BakshiS. D., LeiroA., PrakashB. and BhadeshiaH. K. D. H.: ‘Dry rolling/sliding wear of nanostructured bainite’, Wear, 2014, 316, 72–78.
38.
HuF., WuK. M., HodgsonP. D. and ShirzadiA. A.: ‘Refinement of retained austenite in super-bainitic steel by a deep cryogenic treatment’, ISIJ Int., 2014, 54, 222–226.
