The microstructure evolution of ultrafine grained C–Mn steel during tensile deformation was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphologies and orientation imaging micrographs at different locations near the fractures were discussed. No obvious evident work hardening was identified and partially attributed to the strain driven grain boundary motion of grain rotation and/or grain boundary sliding, especially at the initial stage, while the dislocation activities gradually participate in as deformation proceeds.
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