Abstract
Based on the principles of biomineralisation, spindle shaped hydroxyapatites (HA) were synthesised through the biomimetic method with chitosan (CS) as template. The microstructure, chemical composition and thermal behaviour were characterised by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis (TGDTA) respectively. The results show that the spindle shaped nanoHA, 30–40 nm in length and 7–8 nm in width, were synthesised with 0·5 wt-%CS as template in 6% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide solution for 7 days. The crystallinity of samples increased with the aging time. TGDTA analyses show that the HA powders synthesised with CS as template contain CS molecules and have good thermal stability up to 800°C.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Mann
S.
,
Archibald
D. D.
,
Didymus
J. M.
Science , 1993 , 261 , 1286 .
2.
Heuer
A. J.
,
Fink
D. J.
,
Laraia
V. J.
Science , 1992 , 225 , 1098 –1105 .
3.
Calvert
P.
and
Rieke
P. C.
Chem. Mater ., 1996 , 8 , 1715 –1727 .
4.
Mann
S.
and
Weiner
S.
J. Struct. Biol ., 1999 , 126 , (1 ), 79 –181 .
5.
Zhu
P. X.
,
Ishikawa
M.
W. S. Seo, et al.: J. Biomed Mater. Res ., 2002 , 59 , 294 –304 .
6.
Deng
X. M.
,
Hao
J. Y.
and
Wang
C. S.
Biomaterials , 2001 , 22 , 2867 –2873 .
7.
Ginestre
L.
,
Ginestre
M.
,
Ranz
X.
J. Biomed. Res ., 1999 , 48 , 224 –230 .
8.
Miley
A.
,
Kannangara
G. S. K.
B.
Ben-Nissan : Mater. Lett ., 2003 , 57 , 1960 –1965 .
9.
Yan
L.
,
Li
Y.
Z.
X. Deng , J. Zhuang and X. Sun: Int. J. Inorg. Mater ., 2001 , 3 , 633 –637
10.
Koumoulidis
G. C.
,
Katsoulidis
A. P.
,
Ladavos
A. K.
J. Coll. Interface Sci ., 2003 , 259 , 254 –260 .
11.
Liu
Y.
,
Wang
W.
,
Zhan
Y.
,
Zheng
C.
and
Wang
G.
Mater. Lett ., 2002 , 56 , 496 –501 .
12.
Yan
L.
,
Li
Y.
,
Deng
Z. X.
,
Zhuang
J.
and
Sun
X.
Int. J. Inorg. Mater ., 2001 , 3 , 633 –637 .
13.
Bezzi
G.
,
Celotti
G.
,
Landi
E.
,
La Torretta
T. M. G.
,
Sopyan
I.
and
Tampieri
A.
Mater. Chem. Phys ., 2003 , 78 , 816 –824 .
14.
Liu
J.
,
Li
K.
,
Wang
H.
Chem. Phys. Lett ., 2004 , 396 , 429 –432 .
15.
Guo
G.
,
Sun
Y.
,
Wang
Z.
and
Guo
H.
Ceram. Int ., 2005 , 31 , 869 –872 .
16.
Wang
X.
,
Li
Y.
,
Wei
J.
and
de Groot
K.
Biomaterials , 2002 , 23 , 4787 –4797 .
17.
Chang
M. C.
,
Ko
C. C.
and
Douglas
W. H.
Biomaterials , 2003 , 24 , 3087 –3094 .
18.
Katti
K.
and
Gujjula
P.
Proc. 15th Engineering Mechanism Conference, New York, USA, June 2002 , ASCE, MRS Symp. Proc., 2002 , 219 –224 .
19.
Muzarelli
R. A.
: ‘The polysaccharides’, 417 –425 ; 1985 , New York , Academic Press .
20.
Madihally
S. V.
and
Matthew
H. W. T.
Biomaterials , 1999 , 20 , 1133 –1142 .
21.
Ahn
J. S.
,
Choi
H. K.
,
Chun
M. K.
,
Ryu
J. M.
,
Jung
J. H.
,
Kim
Y. U.
and
Cho
C. S.
Biomaterials , 2002 , 23 , 1411 –1416 .
22.
Muzzarelli
C.
and
Muzzarelli
R. A. A.
Inorg. Biochem ., 2002 , 92 , 89 –95 .
23.
Ishihara
M.
,
Nakanishi
K.
,
Ono
K.
,
Sato
M.
,
Kikuchi
M.
,
Saito
Y.
,
Yura
H.
,
Matsui
T.
,
Hattori
H.
,
Uenoyama
M.
and
Kurita
A.
Biomaterials , 2002 , 23 , 833 –840 .
24.
Chenite
A.
,
Chaput
C.
,
Wang
D.
,
Combes
C.
,
Buschmann
M. D.
,
Hoemann
C. D.
,
Leroux
J. C.
,
Atkinson
B. L.
,
Binette
F.
and
Selmani
A.
Biomaterials , 2000 , 21 , 2155— 2161.
25.
Onishi
H.
and
Machida
Y.
Biomaterials , 1999 , 20 , 175 –182 .
26.
Sachlos
E.
,
Reis
N.
,
Amsley
C.
,
Derby
B.
and
Czernuska
J. T.
Biomaterials , 2003 , 4 , 1487 –1497 .
27.
Miyazaki
S.
,
Ishii
K.
and
Nadai
T.
Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) , 1981 , 29 , 3067 –3069 .
28.
Zhao
W. W.
,
Yu
L.
,
Zhong
X. G.
Chemistry , 1994 ,4, 31 –35 .
29.
Liu
J.
,
Ye
X.
,
Wang
H.
,
Zhu
M.
,
Wang
B.
and
Yan
H.
Ceram. Int ., 2003 , 29 , 629 –633 .
30.
Yoshimura
M.
,
Sujaridworakun
P.
,
Koh
F.
Mater. Sens. Syst ., 2004 , 24 , 521 –525 .
31.
Bezzi
G.
,
Celotti
G.
,
Landi
E.
,
La Torretta
T. M. G.
,
Sopyan
I.
and
Tampieri
A.
Mater. Chem. Phys ., 2003 , 78 , 816 –824 .
32.
Kim
I.-S.
and
Kumta
P. N.
Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2004, B111 , 232 –236 .
33.
Liu
D. M.
,
Troczynski
T.
and
Tseng
W. J.
Biomaterials , 2001 , 22 , 1721 –1730 .
34.
Liu
D. M.
,
Troczynski
T.
and
Tseng
W. J.
Biomaterials , 2002 , 23 , 1227 –1236 .
35.
Kumar
R.
,
Prakash
K. H.
,
Cheang
P.
and
Khor
K. A.
Langmuir , 2004 , 20 , 5196 –5200 .
36.
Pang
Y. X.
and
Bao
X.
J. Eur. Ceram. Soc . 2003 , 23 , 1697 –1704 .
37.
Tang
X. L.
,
Xiao
X. F.
and
Liu
R. F.
Mater. Lett ., 2005 , 59 , 3841 –3846 .
38.
Zhao
G. J.
,
Yong
Y. M.
,
Sun
L. S.
,
Sui
D. X.
and
Shi
Y. X.
J. Funct. Polym., 1998 , 9 , 1652 –1655 .
39.
Ma
Y. F.
,
Cai
J. Y.
,
Yang
P. H.
and
Xia
K.
Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng ., 2004 , 20 , 152 –158 .
40.
Okuyama
K.
,
Noguchi
K.
,
Hanafusa
Y.
,
Osawa
K.
and
Ogawa
K.
Int. J. Biol. Macromot , 1999 , 26 , 285 –293 .
41.
Ogawa
K.
,
Hirano
S.
,
Miyanishi
T.
,
Yui
T.
and
Watanabe
T.
Macromolecules , 1984 , 17 , 973 –975 .
42.
Zhang
L.
,
Li
Y. B.
,
Wei
J.
,
Zuo
Y.
,
Han
J. M.
,
Wu
L.
and
Wang
X. J.
J. Funct. Mater ., 2005 , 36 , 441 –444 .
43.
Zhao
X. D.
,
Sun
P. C.
and
Ma
J. B.
J. Nankai Univ ., 2001 , 34 , 81 –85 .
44.
Bayraktar
D.
and
Tas
A. C.
J. Mater. Sci. Lett ., 2001 , 20 , 401 –403 .