Abstract
Intergranular stress corrosion cracking in a sensitised type 302 stainless steel wire has been observed in situ using high resolution X-ray microtomography. Tomography enables the development and failure of crack bridging ligaments to be studied in detail in three dimensions. Direct comparison of these features has been made with scanning electron microscopy fractography. The crack bridges failed in a ductile manner, with a morphology that is consistent with non-sensitised low energy grain boundaries.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Kruger
J.
: Int . Mater. Re v ., 1988 , 33, 113 –129 .
2.
Ryan
M. P.
,
Williams
D. E.
,
Chater
R. J.
,
Hutton
B. M.
and
McPhail
D. S.
Nature , 2002 , 415 , 770 –774 .
3.
Shimada
M.
,
Kokawa
H.
,
Wang
Z. J.
,
Sato
Y. S.
and
Karibe
I.
Acta Mater ., 2002 , 50 , 2331 –2341 .
4.
Wasnik
D. N.
,
Kain
V.
,
Samajdar
I.
,
Verlinden
B.
and
De
P. K.
Acta Mater ., 2002 , 50 , 4587 –4601 .
5.
Takaya
S.
,
Suzuki
T.
,
Matsumoto
Y.
,
Demachi
K.
and
Uesaka
M.
J. Nucl. Mater ., 2004 , 327 , 19 –26 .
6.
Gertsman
V. Y.
and
Bruemmer
S. M.
Acta Mater ., 2001 ,49 , 1589 –1598 .
7.
Lin
P.
,
Palumbo
G.
,
Erb
U.
and
Aust
K. T.
Scr. Metall , 1995 , 33 , 1387 –1392 .
8.
Palumbo
G.
,
Aust
K. T.
,
Lehockey
E. M.
,
Erb
U.
and
Lin
P.
Scr. Mater ., 1998 , 38 , 1685 –1690 .
9.
Trillo
E. A.
and
Murr
L. E.
Acta Mater ., 1999 , 47 , 235 –245 .
10.
Lin
H.
and
Pope
D. P.
Acta Metall , 1993 , 41 , 553 –562 .
11.
Kokawa
H.
,
Shimada
M.
and
Sato
Y. S.
J. Metall , 2000 , 52 , 34 –37 .
12.
Kronberg
M. L.
and
Wilson
F. H.
Met. Trans ., 1949 , 185 , 501 –514 .
13.
Watanabe
T.
: Res. Mech ., 1984 , 11 , 47 –83 .
14.
Palumbo
G.
,
King
P. J.
,
Aust
K. T.
,
Erb
U.
and
Lichtenberger
P. C.
Scr. Metall , 1991 , 25 , 1775 –1780 .
15.
Palumbo
G.
,
Lehockey
E. M.
and
Lin
P.
JOM , 1998 , 50 , 40 –43 .
16.
Palumbo
G.
: ‘Metal alloys having improved resistance to intergranular stress corrosion cracking’ , US patent 5817193 , 1998 .
17.
Williford
R. E.
,
Windisch
C. F.
Jr
and
Jones
R. H.
Mater. Sci. Eng. A , 2000 , 288A , 54 –60 .
18.
Stock
S. R.
: Int . Mater. Re v ., 1999 , 44, 141 –164 .
19.
Baruchel
J.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Maire
E.
,
Merle
P.
and
Peix
G.
‘X-ray tomography in materials science’, 204; 2000, Paris, Hermes Science.
20.
Maire
E.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Salvo
L.
,
Blandin
J. J.
,
Ludwig
W.
and
Letang
J. M.
Adv. Eng. Mater ., 2001 , 3 , 539 –546 .
21.
Breunig
T. M.
,
Stock
S. R.
,
Guvenilir
A.
,
Elliott
J. C.
,
Anderson
P.
and
Davis
G. R.
Composites , 1993 , 24 , 209 –214 .
22.
McDonald
S. A.
,
Preuss
M.
,
Maire
E.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Mummery
P. M.
and
Withers
P. J.
J. Microsc ., 2003 , 209 , 102 –112 .
23.
Babout
L.
,
Maire
E.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
and
Fougeres
R.
Acta Mater ., 2001 , 49 , 2055 –2063 .
24.
Babout
L.
,
Maire
E.
and
Fougeres
R.
Acta Mater ., 2004 , 52 , 2475 –2487 .
25.
Ludwig
W.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Savelli
S.
and
Cloetens
P.
Acta Mater ., 2003 , 51 , 585 –598 .
26.
Marrow
T. J.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Withers
P. J.
,
Johnson
G.
and
Engelberg
D.
Int. J. Fatigue , 2004 , 26 , 717 –725 .
27.
Feldkamp
L. A.
,
Davis
L. C.
and
Kress
J. W.
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , 1984 , 1A , 612 –619 .
28.
ESRF, available at: http://esrf.fr/UsersAndScience/Experiments/Imaging/
1D19/
29.
Cloetens
P.
,
Pateyron-Salome
M.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Peix
G.
,
Baruchel
J.
,
Peyrin
F.
and
Schlenker
M.
J. Appl. Phys ., 1997 , 81 , 5878 –5886 .
30.ASTM: ‘ASTM book of standards’, Vol . 10, A262, pp. 1-16; 2001, Philadelphia, PA, ASTM.
31.
Engelberg
D. L.
: ‘Grain boundary engineering for intergranular stress corrosion resistance in austenitic stainless steel’ , PhD thesis , The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK , 2005 .
32.
Marrow
T. J.
,
Withers
P. J.
,
Buffiere
J. Y.
,
Newman
R.
,
Engelberg
D.
,
Babout
L.
and
Johnson
G.
In-situ observations of pitting and intergranular stress corrosion crack nucleation and growth'; 2003, Grenoble, ESRF.
33.Mercury Computer Systems, available at :
http://www.amiravis.com
34.‘AmiraTm
3.1 user's guide’, 586; 2003, Chelmsford, MA, Mercury Computer Systems.
35.
Fullman
R. L.
and
Fischer
J. C.
J. App. Phys ., 1951 , 22 , 1350 –1355 .