Carbon deposition on iron surfaces in CO–CO 2 atmosphere

Abstract

Thermodynamic calculations and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were performed in order to understand the mechanism of carbon deposition on the surfaces of iron particles during the reduction of iron ore in a CO–CO₂ atmosphere. The results of the thermodynamic equilibrium phase analysis indicate that the phases of the carbon deposition process can be predicted on the basis of the carbon potential, reaction temperature and gas pressure. The optimal thermodynamic conditions for carburisation are a low temperature (T < T_m) and a high carbon potential (α_c>1). TG analysis is performed in a gas mixture of 65 vol.-% CO and 35 vol.-% CO₂ at 650, 706 and 750°C. Cementite (Fe₃C) is generated as an intermediate product, which acts as a catalyst for carbon deposition. Carbon deposition is inhibited at high temperatures (T>791°C) owing to the high stability of Fe₃C. When the reaction temperature is higher than the thermodynamic limit for the formation of Fe₃C, carbon deposition cannot occur. A mechanism for carbon deposition is proposed based on the experimental results.