Cr(VI) containing electric furnace dusts and filter cake from a stainless steel waste treatment plant: Part 1

Abstract

Electric furnace dust and filter cake collected from a stainless steel plant as well as EF dust collected from a ferrochrome plant were characterised. Electric furnace dusts consist of very fine particles, from which Cr(VI) can be leached by shallow groundwater. When heated in air H₂O, CO₂, SO₂, SO₃, fluorine, calcium and silicon are expelled from these materials, while metallic particles oxidise. The main phases present in the stainless steel plant dust are the (Mg, Fe, Mn, Cr)₃O₄ spinel phase, quartz, Ca(OH)₂ and nickel. The coarse fraction of ferrochrome dust mainly contains chromite and partly altered chromite, quartz and carbon, while the main components of the fine fractions of ferrochrome dust are chromite, SiO₂, ZnO, NaCl and Mg₂SiO₄. CaF₂ is the major phase in the filter cake. Cr(VI) containing phases are possibly generated at the top of the submerged arc furnace or in the off gas duct, as Cr(VI) is found on the surface of the dust.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

G. J.

Garbers-Craig

A. M.

: Submitted to Ironmaking Steelmaking, 2006, 33, 238–244.

Private Communication with plant personnel.

Evans

L. G.

Hogan

J. C.

: Proc. Conf. on ‘Electric furnace’, Dallas, TX, USA, December 1986, ISS, 367–372.

Jensen

J. T.

Wolf

: MPT Int., 1997, 3, 58–62.

Cruells

Roca

Nunez

: Hydrometallurgy, 1992, 31, 213–231.

Ghoreshy

Pickles

C. A.

: Proc. Conf. on ‘Electric arc furnace’, Nashville, TN, USA, November 1994, ISS, 187–196.

Hanewald

R. H.

Dombrowski

D. E.

: Iron Steel Eng., 1985, 3, 62–67.

Schoukens

A. F. S.

Shaw

Chemaly

E. C.

: J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., 1993, 93, (1), 1–7.

Peng

Lobel

Kozinski

J. A.

Bourassa

: CIM Bull., 2001, 94, 64–70.

10.

Dreisinger

D. B.

Peters

Morgan

: Hydrometallurgy, 1990, 25, 137–152.

11.

Jones

R. D.

O’Donnell

F. J.

Buddemeyer

: Proc. Conf. on ‘Electric arc furnace’, Chicago, IL, USA, November 1997, ISS, 583–588.

12.

R. B.

Schlobohm

J. E.

: Iron Steel Eng., 1993, 4, 82–84.

13.

Cohn

Petrie

J. G.

: Can. Metall. Q., 1997, 36, (4), 251–260.

14.

Geldenhuis

J. M. A.

Horne

A. W.

: Proc. Conf. on ‘Electric arc furnace’, Nashville, TN, USA, March 2002, ISS, 661–668.

15.

‘Screening apparent specific gravity and bulk density of waste, method D’, 5057–90, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

16.

‘Screening of pH in waste, method D’, 4980–89, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

17.

‘NIST X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy database Version 2.0’, US Secretary of Commerce, 1989, Washington, DC, US Secretary of Commerce.

18.

Calder

L. M.

: in ‘

Chromium in the natural and human environments

’, (ed. Nriagu

J. O.

Nieboer

), 215–229; 1988, New York, John Wiley.

19.

Mikhail

S. A.

Turcotte

A. M.

Aota

: Thermochim. Acta, 1996, 287, 71–79.

20.

Haugsrud

: Corros. Sci., 2003, 45, (1), 211–235.

21.

Chen

Mori

Pan

: Thermochim. Acta, 1996, 275, (1), 149–158.

22.

Nasdala

Wiizke

Ulrich

Brett

: Am. Mineral., 1998, 83, 1111–1116.

23.

Matsuno

Tomoda

Nakamura

: Mater. Trans., 2003, 44, (12), 2481–2488.

24.

Weast

R. C.

Astle

M. J.

(ed.): ‘ CRC handbook of chemistry and physics’, 1982, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press.

25.

Chastain

(ed.): ‘Handbook of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy’, 1992, Eden Prairie, MI, Perkin–Elmer.

Cr(VI) containing electric furnace dusts and filter cake from a stainless steel waste treatment plant: Part 1 – Characteristics and microstructure

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References