Abstract
The dynamic constrained junction model, based on the equilibrium theory of rubber elasticity, is applied to study the effects of fillers on the relaxation of stress in uniaxially deformed rubbers. Only low degrees of reinforcement are considered where complications such as filler–filler interactions are not pronounced. The proposed model is based on a purely molecular picture of the network and attempts to explain the molecular origins of the deformation and time dependence of stress in filled rubbers. Comparison with experimental data on filled (poly)isoprene networks showed that the deformation and time dependence of lightly filled samples can be predicted satisfactorily by the model.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Mark
J. E.
and
Erman
B.
‘Rubberlike elasticity, a molecular primer’ ; 1988 , New York , John Wiley & Sons .
2.
Erman
B.
and
Mark
J. E.
‘Structures and properties of rubberlike networks’ ; 1997 , New York , Oxford University Press .
3.
Mark
J. E.
and
Erman
B.
‘Rubberlike elasticity: a molecular primer’ ; 2007 , New York , Cambridge University Press .
4.
Erman
B.
and
Flory
P. J.
Macromolecules,1982
, 15 , 806-812.
5.
Flory
P. J.
:
J. Phys. Chem
., 1977 , 66 , 5720 –5729 .
6.
Flory
P. J.
and
Erman
B.
Macromolecules
, 1982 , 15 , 800 –806 .
7.
Erman
B.
and
Mark
J. E.
‘Structures and properties of rubberlike networks’ ; 1997 , New York , Oxford University Press .
8.
Ewen
B.
and
Richter
D.
‘Molecular basis of polymer networks’ , (ed.
Baumgartner
A.
and
Picot
C. E.
Vol. 42 , 82-92; 1989 , Berlin , Springer-Verlag .
9.
Ewen
B.
and
Richter
D.
Adv . Polym. Sci ., 1997 , 134, 1 –129 .
10.
Noordermeer
J. W. M.
and
Ferry
J. D.
J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed
, 1976 , 14 , 509 –520 .
11.
Konyali
H.
,
Menceloglu
Y.
and
Erman
B.
Polymer
, 2008 , 49 , 1056 –1065 .
12.
Botti
A.
,
Pyckhout-Hintzen
W. W.
,
Richter
D.
,
Urban
V.
and
Straube
E.
J. Chem. Phys
., 2006 , 124 , 174908 –174912 .
13.
Bergstrom
J. S.
and
Boyce
M. C.
Mech. Mater
., 2000 , 32 , 627 –644 .
14.
Drozdov
A. D.
and
Dorfmann
A.
Int. J. Solids Struct
., 2002 , 39 , 5699 –5717 .
15.
Lion
A.
:
Continuum Mech. Thermodyn
., 1996 , 8 , 153 –169 .
16.
Drozdov
A. D.
and
Dorfmann
A.
Int. J. Plastic
., 2003 , 19 , 1037 –1067 .
17.
Callen
H. B.
: ‘Thermodynamics and an Introduction to thermo-statistics’ ; 1985 , New York , Wiley .
18.
Smallwood
H. M.
:
J. AppL Phys
., 1944 , 15 , 758 –766 .
19.
Guth
E.
and
Gold
O.
Phys. Rev
., 1938 , 53 , 322 –328 .
20.
Heinrich
G.
,
Kluppel
M.
and
Vilgis
T. A.
Curr . Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci ., 2002 , 6, 195 –203 .
21.
Guth
E.
:
J. AppL Phys
., 1945 , 16 , 20 –25 .