The objective of this article is to correct some misconceptions that have arisen since the introduction of Twin Blocks, to identify factors leading to reduced efficiency and increased failure rate, and to improve the clinical application of Twin Block technique.
O'BrienKD, WrightK, ConboyF.Effectiveness of treatment for Class II malocclusion with the Herbst or Twin Block appliance: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2003; 124: 128–37.
2.
IllingHM, MorrisDO, LeeRT. A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances. Part 1 – the hard tissues. Eur J Orthod1998; 20: 501–16.
3.
HarradineNWT, GaleD.The effects of torque control spurs in Twin Block appliances. Clin Orthod Res2000; 3: 202–09.
4.
ClarkWJ. New Horizons in Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics. Thesis for DDSc Degree at University of Dundee, 2010.
5.
ShahA, SandlerJ.‘How to…Take a wax bite for a Twin Block appliance’, J Orthod2009; 36: 10–12.
CarmichaelGJ, BanksPA, ChadwickSM. A modification to enable controlled advancement of the Twin Block appliance. Br J Orthodont1999; 26: 9–14.
8.
ClarkWJ, StirrupsD.The Delta Clasp. Design and construction in aspects of Twin Block functional therapy in orthodontics & dentofacial orthopaedics. Unpublished material in thesis presented to Dundee University, 1995.