In the present work, the chemical mechanism was shown for tungsten inert gas (TIG) and active TIG (A-TIG) welding. The results obtained with a two-dimensional axial symmetric model developed to simulate the flow behaviour in the meting pool on a stainless steel disc (304L) melted by a stationary heat source were presented to show the influence of Marangoni convection combined with Lorentz forces. This study shows the influence of the addition of an activating flux on the geometric characteristics of the weld beads in A-TIG welding.
TanakaM, ShimizuT, TerasakiH, UshioM, Koshi-ishiF, YangCL: ‘Effects of activating flux on arc phenomena in gas tungsten arc welding’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2000, 5, (6), 397–402.
2.
LucasW, HowseD: ‘Augmentation des performances et de la productivité grâce à un flux activant en soudage TIG et plasma. Partie I’, Souder, 1997, 7, (4), 19–26.
3.
LeconteS, PaillardP, ChapelleP, HenrionG, SaindrenanJ: ‘Effect of oxides fluxes on activation mechanisms of tungsten inert gas process’, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2006, 11, (4), 389–397.
DepradeuxL: ‘Simulation numérique du soudage – acier 316L – validation sur cas tests de complexité croissante’, PhD dissertation, INSA de Lyon, Lyon, France, 2003.
9.
GoldakJ, ChakravartiA, BibbyM: ‘A new finite element model for welding heat sources’, Metall. Trans. B, 1984, 15B, 299–305.
10.
KerrouaultN: ‘Fissuration à chaud en soudage d'un acier inoxydable austénitique’, PhD dissertation, Ecole Centrale de Paris, Paris, France, 2000.
11.
OreperG, SzekelyJ: ‘Heat and fluid flow phenomena in weld pools’, J. Fluid Mech., 1984, 147, (10), 53–79.
12.
TsaiMC, KouS: ‘Marangoni convection in weld pools with a free surface’, Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids, 1989, 9, (12), 1503–1516.
13.
ZachariaT, DavidSA, VitekJM, KrausHG: ‘Computational modeling of stationary gas tungsten arc weld pools and comparison to stainless steel 304 experimental results’, Metall. Trans. B, 1991, 22B, 243–257.
14.
KouS, SunDK: ‘Fluid flow and weld penetration in stationary arc welds’, Metall. Trans. A, 1985, 16A, 203–213.
15.
KimIS, BasuA: ‘A mathematical model of heat transfer and fluid flow in the gas metal arc welding process’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1998, 77, 17–24.
16.
HeipleCR, RoperJR: ‘Mechanism for minor element effect on GTA fusion zone geometry’, Weld. J., 1982, 61, (4), 97–102.
17.
TanakaM, UshioM, LowkeJJ: ‘Numerical analysis of weld formation using helium arc’, JSME Int. J. B, 2005, 48B, (3), 397–404.
18.
HughesM, TaylorGA, PericleousK: ‘Thermocapillary and magnetohydrodynamic effects in modelling the thermodynamics of stationary welding processes’, Phoenics J. CFD Appl., 2000, 13, (1), 99–113.
19.
ThompsonME, SzekelyJ: ‘The transient behavior of weldpools with a deformed free surface’, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1989, 32, 1007–1019.
20.
LiZY, WuCS: ‘Analysis of the transport phenomena in the interfacial region between TIG arcs and weld pools’, Comput. Mater. Sci., 1997, 8, 243–250.
21.
FanHG, TsaiHL, NaSJ: ‘Heat transfer and fluid flow in a partially or fully penetrated weld pool in gas tungsten arc welding’, J. Heat Transfer, 2001, 44, 417–428.
22.
RamirezMA, TrapagaG, McKelligetJ: ‘A comparison between different numerical formulations for welding arc representations’, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2004, 155–156, 1634–1640.
23.
LuF, TangX, YuH, YaoS: ‘Numerical simulation on interaction between TIG welding arc and weld pool’, Comput. Mater. Sci., 2006, 35, 458–465.
24.
ZielinskaS, PellerinS, ValensiF, DzierzegaK, MusiolK, de IzarraCh, BriandF: ‘Gas influence on the arc shape in MIG–MAG welding’, Eur. Phys., 2008, 43, (1), 111–122.
25.
KimCS: ‘Thermophysical properties of stainless steels’, Report no.ANL-75-55, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, 1975.
26.
ZachariaT, DavidSA, VitekJM: ‘Effect of evaporation and temperature-dependent material properties on weld pool development’, Metall. Trans. B, 1991, 22B, 233–241.
27.
BonacinaC, CominiG, FasanoA, PrimicerioM: ‘Numerical solution of phase change problems’, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 1973, 16, 1825–1832.
28.
PerryN: ‘Etude du développement des flux solides en vue d'application en soudage A-TIG appliqué au titane et ses alliages ainsi qu'aux aciers inoxydables’, PhD dissertation, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France, 2000.
