Abstract
This paper describes the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on joint properties of copper–zinc alloy (brass) and low carbon steel friction welded joints. The as-welded joint obtained 100% joint efficiency and the brass base metal fracture without cracking at the weld interface, and had no intermetallic compound layer. The joint efficiency with PWHT decreased with increasing heating temperature and its holding time, and its scatter increased with those increasing parameters. When the joint was heat treated at 823 K for 360 ks, it did not achieve 100% joint efficiency and fractured between the weld interface and the brass base metal although it had no intermetallic compound. The cracking at the peripheral portion of the weld interface was generated through PWHT. The cracking was due to the dezincification and the embrittlement of the brass side during PWHT.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Wang
K. K.
: ‘Welding research council bulletins’ , WRC Bull ., 1975 , 204 , 1 –21 .
2.
Japan Friction Welding Association: ‘Friction welding’, 6–14; 1979 , Tokyo, Corona Publishing.
3.
American Welding Society: ‘Welding handbook’, 8th edn, Vol. 2, 750–755; 1991 , Miami, FL, Americaan Welding Society.
4.
Murti
K. G. K.
and
Sundaresan
S.
Weld. J ., 1985 , 64, 327s –334s .
5.
Fuji
A.
,
Ameyama
K.
,
Futamata
M.
and
Shimaki
Y.
Q. J. Jpn Weld. Soc. (Japan) , 1994 , 12 , (1 ), 101 –107 .
6.
Fuji
A.
,
Ameyama
K.
and
North
T. H.
J. Mater. Sci ., 1995 , 30 , (20 ), 5185 –5191 .
7.
Ohnishi
T.
,
Yasumi
K.
,
Ogawa
K.
,
Tsubakino
H.
,
Yamamoto
A.
and
Ochi
H.
J. Jpn Inst. Light Met. (Japan) , 1996 , 46 , (12 ), 619 –625 .
8.
Fuji
A.
,
Nagano
T.
,
Kim
Y. C.
and
Yan
J.
J. Light Met. Weld. Constr. (Japan) , 2007 , 45 , (7 ), 333 –345 .
9.
Kimura
M.
,
Ishii
H.
,
Kusaka
M.
,
Kaizu
K.
and
Fuji
A.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Join ., 2009 , 14 , (5 ), 388 –395 .
10.
Fuji
A.
,
North
T. H.
,
Ameyama
K.
and
Futamata
M.
Mater. Sci. Technol ., 1992 , 8 , (3 ), 219 –235 .
11.
Fuji
A.
,
Horiuchi
Y.
and
Yamamoto
K.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Join ., 2005 , 10 , (3 ), 287 –294 .
12.
Fuji
A.
,
Ameyama
K.
and
North
T. H.
J. Mater. Sci ., 1996 , 31 , (3 ), 819 –827 .
13.
Ochi
H.
,
Ogawa
K.
,
Yamamoto
Y.
and
Suga
Y.
J. Jpn Soc. Fract. Strength Mater. (Japan) , 1998 , 32 , (2 ), 43 –50 .
14.
Fuji
A.
,
Ikeuchi
K.
,
Sato
Y. S.
and
Kokawa
H.
Sci. Technol. Weid. Join ., 2004 , 9 , (6 ), 507 –512 .
15.
Japan Institute of Metals: ‘Data book of metals’, 4th rev., 20–25; 2008 , Tokyo, Maruzen.
16.
Sahin
A. Z.
,
Yibas
B. S.
,
Ahmed
M.
and
Nickel
J.
J. Mater. Process. Technol ., 1998 , 82 , 127 –136 .
17.
Tsuchiya
K.
and
Kawamura
H.
J. Nucl. Mater ., 1996 , 233/237, 913 –917 .
18.
Yamaguchi
H.
,
Ogawa
K.
,
Ochi
H.
,
Sawai
T.
,
Kawai
G.
,
Yamamoto
Y.
and
Tsujino
R.
J. Jpn Res. Inst. Adv. Copper-Base Mater. Technol. (Japan) , 2003 , 42 , (1 ), 132 –136 .
19.
Lee
W. B.
and
Jung
S. B.
Z. Metallku ., 2003 , 94 , (12 ), 1300 –1306 .
20.
Kawai
G.
,
Ochi
H.
,
Tsujino
R.
,
Yamaguchi
H.
,
Yamamoto
Y.
and
Ogawa
K.
J. High Press. Inst. Jpn (Japan) , 2004 , 42 , (4 ), 199 –206 .
21.
Kawai
G.
,
Ochi
H.
,
Yamaguchi
H
and
Sakurai
K.
J. Jpn Res. Inst. Adv. Copper-Base Mater. Technol. (Japan) , 2005 , 44 , (1 ), 248 –252 .
22.
Kimura
M.
,
Kusaka
M.
,
Kaizu
K.
and
Fuji
A.
J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng ., 2009 , 3 , (2 ), 187 –198 .
23.
Kimura
M.
,
Kasuya
K.
,
Kusaka
M.
,
Kaizu
K.
and
Fuji
A.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Joining , 2009 , 14 , (5 ), 404 –412 .
24.
Kimura
M.
,
Choji
M.
,
Kusaka
M.
,
Seo
K.
and
Fuji
A.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Join ., 2006 , 11 , (2 ), 209 –215 .
25.
Kimura
M.
,
Kusaka
M.
,
Seo
K.
and
Muramatsu
Y.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Join ., 2006 , 11 , (4 ), 448 –454 .
26.
Copper
Japan
and Brass2nd edn , 19 –20 ; 2009 , Tokyo , Japan Copper and Brass Association .
27.
Larson
F. R.
and
Miller
A. A.
Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng ., 1952 , 74 , (7 ), 765 –775 .
28.
Villars
P.
,
Prince
A.
and
Okamoto
H.
Vol. 7 , 9462 –9469 ; 1995 , Materials Park , OH, American Society for Metals .
29.
Nagasaki
K.
,
Haruyama
S.
,
Kaneko
M.
and
Itoh
I.
J. Jpn Inst. Met. (Japan) , 1969 , 33 , (11 ), 1218 –1224 .
30.
Itoh
I.
,
Togashi
M.
and
Hikage
T.
J. Jpn Inst. Met. (Japan) , 1974 , 38 , (4 ), 294 –300 .
31.
Taga
Y.
and
Nakajima
K.
J. Jpn Inst. Met. (Japan) , 1976 , 40 , (5 ), 487 –491 .
32.
Asami
K.
: Trans. Jpn Inst. Met ., 1980 , 21 , (5 ), 302 –308 .
33.
Jacquet
P. A.
: Acta Metall. (France) , 1954 , 2 , (11 ), 752 –769 .
34.
Brown
N.
: Acta Metall ., 1959 , 7 , (3 ), 210 –215 .
35.
Yamaguchi
H.
: Oyo Buturi (Japan) , 1963 , 32 , (12 ), 911 –919 .
36.
Yamaguchi
H.
: Oyo Buturi (Japan) , 1964 , 33 , (3 ), 171 –181 .
37.
Giacobbe
F. W.
: J. Alloys Compd , 1993 , 202, (1 –2 ), 243 –250 .
38.
Sato
S.
: J. Jpn Inst. Met. (Japan) , 1965 , 29 , (1 ), 41 –47 .
39.
Wolley
J. D.
and
Fox
A. G.
J. Mater. Sci. Lett ., 1988 , 7 , (7 ), 763 –765 .
40.
Kashyap
B. P.
,
Verma
S.
,
Mandlik
P.
,
Kumar
N.
and
Toppo
S. P.
Mater. Sci. Technol ., 2006 , 22 , (3 ), 363 –367 .
41.
Kim
Y. C.
,
Fuji
A.
and
North
T. H.
Q. J. Jpn Weld. Soc. (Japan) , 1994 , 12 , (2 ), 243 –248 .
42.
Kim
Y. C.
,
Fuji
A.
and
North
T. H.
Mater. Sci. Technol ., 1995 , 11 , (4 ), 383 –388 .
43.
Fuji
A.
,
Kokawa
H.
and
Kim
Y. C.
Q. J. Jpn Weld. Soc. (Japan) , 2000 , 18 , (4 ), 617 –627 .
44.
Kim
Y. C.
and
Fuji
A.
Sci. Technol. Weld. Join ., 2002 , 7 , (3 ), 149 –154 .
45.
Fukuchi
Y.
and
Okita
K.
Trans. Jpn Soc. Mech. Eng. A (Japan) , 1996 , 62A , (599 ), 1677 –1683 .