Effect of preparation method on sinterability and properties of nanocrystalline MgAl 2 O 4 and ZrO 2 -MgAl 2 O 4 materials

Abstract

Nanocrystalline MgAl₂O₄ and ZrO₂-MgAl₂O₄ powders were synthesised by combustion and conventional solid state reaction routes. The synthesised powders were processed, dry pressed, and sintered for 3 h at temperatures ranging from 1550 to 1625°C. The sintered pellets were then characterised in terms of phase (XRD), microstructure (SEM), relative density, apparent porosity, water absorption, hardness, three point bend strength, and fracture toughness. The XRD studies revealed that ZrO₂ was present in tetragonal form in the case of combustion synthesised powders (CSP), whereas in powders obtained by solid state reaction (SSP) it was present in the monoclinic form. This study also revealed that the addition of ZrO₂ improved the mechanical properties of sintered MgAl₂O₄ samples: 20 wt-%ZrO₂-MgAl₂O₄ composites prepared from CSPs and conventional SSPs and sintered at 1625°C for 3 h had fracture toughness of 5·96 and 4·33 MPa m^1/2 and three point bend strength of 269 and 98 MPa respectively. Higher sintered density, the presence of tetragonal zirconia as a major phase, and the finer microstructure are probably responsible for the superior mechanical properties exhibited by sintered CSP materials as compared with the sintered SSPs.