The possibility of magnesium addition to a calcium-lead alloy during the Kroll-Betterton process using a molten salt technique is examined. The exchange reaction replacing calcium with magnesium proceeds with efficiencies close to 100% at 750°C in melts containing >40 mol-%MgCl2. In melts with lower MgCl2 contents there is a decrease in efficiency due to the relatively high solubility of calcium metal in CaCl2.
DAVEYT. R. A.: ‘The physical chemistry of lead refining’ in ‘Lead—zinc—tin ‘80’, (ed. J. M. Cigan, T. S. MacKay and T. J. O'Keefe), 477-507; 1979, Warrendale, PA, Metallurgical Society of AIME.
2.
ALABYSHEVA. F.: ‘Electrolytical production of alloys of calcium with lead’, in ‘Collected works on the electro-chemistry of fused salts’, Vol. 108, 116-124; 1940, Moscow, GIPKh.
3.
ASLANKA-oRmANovAZ. A.: ‘Production of lead—calcium alloys’, Prac. Inst. Ministerstwa Hutnic., 1953, 5, 89–104.
4.
SONGR. Y.: ‘Preparation of Pb—Ca—Na master alloy using molten chloride salt electrolysis’, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 1996, 6, (2), 18–25.
5.
FREIDINAE. B. and FRAYD. J.: ‘CaCO3 as a source of calcium for electrochemical synthesis of Pb—Ca alloys’ in ‘EPD Congress 1999’, (ed.MishraB.), 169–180; 1999, Warrendale, PA, TMS.
6.
FREIDINAE. B. and FRAYD. J.: ‘Synthesis of Pb—Ca alloys by electrolysis of CaO solution in molten salt’, Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. C307, C79–C83, 2002.
7.
MALLALEYK. and MORRISD. R.: ‘Analysis of the Kroll—Betterton process: the removal of bismuth from lead bullion’, Can. Metall. Q., 1990, 29, (1), 67–71.