Although comparatively few membrane processes have yet reached widespread and large scale use, research carried out during the recent past has led to a greater realism about the technological and economic strengths and weaknesses of membrane processes. As a result, one may now identify with greater confidence the types of separation problems that are particularly suited to solution by membrane techniques. At the same time new and ingenious possibilities for the use of membranes are continually being suggested and some at least are likely to form the bases of practical procedures in the not too distant future.
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