Abstract
After outlining the origins and early developments of copper metallurgy in Poland, the growth of the industry since the end of the Second World War is described, with emphasis being laid on the development and adaptation of machinery and techniques to the particular Polish requirements. Examples of research and development are given from the areas of mining, ore upgrading, copper-concentrate smelting, and copper and copper-alloy processing. To illustrate the types of research being carried out in different subject areas, the author describes some of the aspects of studies being made of the liquid state and crystallization, crystallization in the continuous-casting process, working and recrystallization, and phase transformation.
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