Three vanadium steels, Fe–0·12C–0·46V, Fe–0·13C–1·5Mn–0·45V, and Fe–0·10C–1·53Mn–0·13 V were cooled over the range 100–0·003 Ks−1. Hardness tests were used to follow changes in strength with cooling rate. A peak hardening was obtained at critical cooling rates in the range 1·5−3Ks−l for the vanadium steels. The highest peaks coincided with steels of a stoichiometric composition of MC. An increase in the manganese levels in these steels produced a spread in the peak with its consequent decrease and also caused the peak to appear at slightly lower cooling rates. This observation was ascribed in the main to the effect of a lower γ→α transformation on the diffusivity of vanadium and/or carbon.
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